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Authors: M.Tech. Scholor Harish Mishra, Assistant Professor Dr. Hariram Sahu

Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) multi-storey buildings are highly susceptible to lateral forces induced by earthquakes, which can cause excessive storey displacement, inter-storey drift and structural damage. Steel bracing is a widely used and economical means of improving the lateral stiffness and seismic performance of RC frames, but its effectiveness depends strongly on configuration. This paper presents a comparative seismic evaluation of a three-dimensional twenty-storey (G+20) RC building modelled with and without peripheral X-type steel bracing, analysed under Seismic Zones II, III, IV and V using the Equivalent Static Method in STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition, in accordance with IS 456:2000, IS 875 (Parts 1 and 2):1987 and IS 1893 (Part 1):2016. Eight structural cases were compared in terms of maximum bending moment, axial force, shear force, support reaction, overall roof displacement, storey displacement and inter-storey drift. The results show that peripheral X-type bracing reduced every response parameter examined in all four seismic zones. The largest and most consistent benefit was in lateral deformation control, with roof displacement reduced by 28.0-33.0% and maximum inter-storey drift reduced by 29.4-32.5%, both widening as seismic zone increased. Reductions in axial force (15.9-34.3%) and support reaction (15.4-34.3%) grew markedly with seismic zone, while the benefit on bending moment fell from 23.4% in Zone II to about 1.9% in Zones IV-V, and the shear-force benefit stayed nearly constant near 25%. The study concludes that peripheral X-type bracing is most reliably effective as a deformation-control measure across all seismic zones, and recommends its use as a supplementary lateral load-resisting system in multi-storey RC construction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21915048

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Harish Mishra, Dr. Hariram Sahu

Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames are widely used in multi-storey construction but are inherently flexible under lateral seismic loading, which can lead to excessive storey drift, non-structural damage and, in severe cases, structural collapse. Supplementing an RC frame with steel bracing is one of the most widely researched and applied means of improving its seismic performance, and a large and growing body of literature has examined the many forms this strategy can take. This paper presents a review of published research on steel-braced RC frames, covering the classification of bracing systems (concentric diagonal, X, V, inverted-V/chevron and K arrangements; eccentric and off-diagonal bracing; buckling-restrained and self-centering braces), their reported effects on lateral stiffness, storey displacement, inter-storey drift, ductility and energy dissipation, the influence of building height and structural irregularity on bracing effectiveness, retrofit and brace-to-frame connection strategies, and the analytical, numerical and experimental methods used to evaluate them. The review finds broad agreement that steel bracing substantially improves lateral stiffness and reduces storey drift relative to a bare RC frame, that X-type and inverted-V (chevron) configurations are the most frequently reported as most effective for stiffness and drift control though the relative ranking varies between studies, and that eccentric and buckling-restrained systems offer superior ductility and energy dissipation at some cost in stiffness. The review also identifies persistent gaps in the literature, including a shortage of controlled, zone-wise or intensity-wise comparisons of a single bracing configuration across the full range of seismic demand, limited experimental validation of brace-to-RC-frame connection detailing at full scale, and a continuing reliance on linear or pushover-level analysis rather than nonlinear time-history assessment for tall buildings. These gaps are identified as priorities for future research.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21914752

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Authors: Ikechukwu S. Chikwe, Erienu Obruche Kennedy, Ofogharenor Tanro Maris, Naku Julius Uko, Abubakar Bilyamini Mu’azu, Anyanwu Chidimma Gogo, Omorodion J.I, Michael Asukwo Nseabasi

Abstract: This study evaluated the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selected heavy metals in two commercially important stockfish species, Apama (Sepia species) and Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), obtained from Onitsha Market, Nigeria, to determine their potential human health implications. Six representative samples collected from different market locations were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) for PAHs and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for heavy metals. Iron was the predominant metal, ranging from 40.28–83.88 mg/kg, followed by zinc (13.00–21.00 mg/kg), copper (0.80–1.90 mg/kg), manganese (3.00–5.99 mg/kg), chromium (≤0.006 mg/kg), lead (ND–0.002 mg/kg), and cadmium (0.00001–0.00020 mg/kg), while nickel, arsenic, and mercury were not detected. The detected concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic were below the maximum limits recommended by WHO/FAO for fish and fishery products, indicating minimal heavy metal contamination. Sixteen priority PAHs were identified, with phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene being the most frequently detected compounds. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.01034 to 0.23780 µg/kg, whereas benzo(a)pyrene concentrations (ND–0.00020 µg/kg) were far below the European Union maximum limit of 2 µg/kg for smoked fish products. Overall, the analyzed stockfish samples were considered safe for human consumption; however, routine monitoring remains essential to detect future contamination and ensure continued consumer protection.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21913433

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Authors: Adeleye, S. A., Adewumi, A. A, Falana, A. B

Abstract: The increasing demand for clean, efficient, and sustainable energy systems has created the need for alternatives to conventional fossil fuel-based power generation technologies, which are associated with environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and gradual resource depletion. Among the emerging energy technologies, fuel cells have attracted significant attention because they convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions without combustion, resulting in higher efficiency and lower environmental impact. This study aims to review different types of fuel cells, their operating principles, materials, performance characteristics, applications, and associated challenges. The study also evaluates the advantages and limitations of fuel cell systems in relation to modern energy demands and sustainable development goals. A systematic literature review approach was adopted for the study. Relevant information was obtained from peer-reviewed journal articles, textbooks, conference proceedings, technical reports, and publications from recognized scientific databases and energy organizations. The reviewed literature focused on major fuel cell technologies such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs), and Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs). Findings from the review revealed that fuel cells possess high energy conversion efficiency, low emissions, quiet operation, and wide application potential in transportation, stationary power generation, portable devices, and industrial systems. The study also showed that PEMFCs are more suitable for transportation applications due to their low operating temperature and fast response time, while SOFCs and MCFCs are more effective for stationary power systems because of their high efficiency and fuel flexibility. Despite these advantages, several limitations were identified, including high production cost, dependence on expensive catalyst materials, hydrogen storage and distribution challenges, durability issues, and inadequate infrastructure for large-scale commercialization. The study concludes that fuel cell technology remains one of the most promising clean energy solutions for future energy systems. However, wider adoption will depend on continuous technological improvement, cost reduction, development of hydrogen infrastructure, and supportive government policies aimed at promoting sustainable energy development.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21913138

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Authors: Hari Om Dhar Badgaiyan, Assistant Professor Hariram Sahu

Abstract: Cable-stayed bridges are widely adopted for medium- to long-span crossings owing to their structural efficiency and aesthetic appeal, and the deck girder material strongly influences their stiffness, weight and overall performance. This paper presents a comparative finite element evaluation of a representative 180 m (30 m + 120 m + 30 m) cable-stayed bridge with three deck girder alternatives — reinforced concrete (RC), structural steel, and prestressed concrete (PSC) — modelled in SAP2000 under identical geometry, cable arrangement, support conditions and IRC Class AA loading. Linear static analysis was carried out with the deck material as the sole variable across the three models. Structural response was compared in terms of joint reactions, joint displacements and rotations, internal frame forces, and area-shell stresses. Results show that the steel deck consistently produced the lowest reactions, displacements, internal forces and stresses owing to its high strength-to-weight ratio; the RC deck exhibited intermediate global response but the highest tensile stress; and the PSC deck attracted the largest internal forces and vertical reactions yet achieved the lowest tensile stress because of prestressing. An indicative life-cycle cost comparison further shows that RC offers the lowest first cost, steel the highest, and PSC the most favourable long-term economy. The findings provide practical, results-based guidance for deck-material selection in cable-stayed bridge design.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21903156

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Authors: Muraleedharan, T, Arjunan, N. K., Deepthi, T.

Abstract: The present study investigated the effectiveness of Mindfulness Meditation in reducing test anxiety among secondary school students and examined whether its effectiveness varied according to students’ levels of academic achievement. A quasi-experimental pretest–post-test control group design was employed. The participants comprised 166 Standard IX students from four intact divisions of a Government Higher Secondary School in Kerala. One division served as the Control Group, while the remaining three constituted the Treatment Group. Test anxiety was assessed using the Test Anxiety Scale for Secondary School Students (Arjunan & Bindu, 2021). The Treatment Group underwent a modified Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction programme consisting of eight structured sessions supplemented by regular mindfulness practice. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANCOVA, and one-way ANOVA. The findings revealed no significant initial difference in test anxiety among students belonging to different achievement levels. After controlling for pre-test scores, Mindfulness Meditation produced a significant reduction in test anxiety, with a large treatment effect (F = 444.276, p < .001, partial η² = .730). The effectiveness of the intervention also differed significantly according to academic achievement, with average- and high-achieving students showing greater reductions than low-achieving students. The findings support Mindfulness Meditation as an effective psycho-pedagogical strategy for managing test anxiety among secondary school students.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21899194

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Authors: Hari Om Dhar Badgaiyan, Assistant Professor Hariram Sahu

Abstract: The deck girder is one of the most influential components governing the structural response, stiffness, weight, durability, and overall economy of a cable-stayed bridge, and the choice between reinforced concrete (RC), structural steel, and prestressed concrete (PSC) remains a central design decision. This paper presents a structured literature review of published research relevant to this choice, covering material-specific behaviour of RC, steel, and PSC deck girders; design practice and analytical studies on tower geometry, dynamic/seismic response, and finite element modelling; direct comparative studies between deck materials and hybrid/composite systems; economic and life-cycle cost studies; construction-stage and composite-action behaviour; and studies conducted under Indian IRC loading provisions. The review finds general agreement that RC decks are economical and durable under normal service but suffer from higher self-weight and tensile cracking over longer spans; steel decks offer a superior strength-to-weight ratio and rapid erection but require sustained corrosion protection and careful fatigue design; and PSC decks combine improved stiffness and crack control with the durability of concrete, at the cost of higher initial complexity. The review further finds that although each material has been studied extensively in isolation or in pairwise comparison, very few investigations evaluate reinforced concrete, structural steel, and prestressed concrete decks together under identical bridge geometry, loading, and analytical procedure, and fewer still combine such a structural comparison with a consistent life-cycle economic evaluation. This gap is identified as the principal motivation for a unified, controlled-variable comparative investigation of the three deck systems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21888527

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Authors: Ramanuj Singh, Assistant Professor Hariram Sahu

Abstract: Flexible pavements constructed over clay subgrades are highly susceptible to premature distress on account of the low bearing capacity and pronounced moisture sensitivity of clay soils. This paper presents an experimental investigation into the effectiveness of geosynthetic reinforcement in improving the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of a high-plasticity clay (CH) subgrade collected from Damoh, Madhya Pradesh, India. Two commercially available geosynthetics, a Mirafi HP370 woven polyester geotextile and a Tensar BX1200 biaxial polypropylene geogrid, were evaluated at three reinforcement depths within the CBR mould, namely H/3, H/2, and 2H/3, under both soaked and unsoaked conditions. The soil was classified as CH under IS 1498, with a liquid limit of 55.36%, plasticity index of 30.03%, optimum moisture content of 19.5%, and maximum dry density of 1.69 g/cm³. The unreinforced clay exhibited unsoaked and soaked CBR values of 4.8% and 1.9%, respectively, both indicative of a very weak subgrade. Reinforcement with Tensar BX1200 at H/2 produced the greatest improvement, raising the CBR to 9.6% (unsoaked) and 4.9% (soaked), corresponding to gains of 100.0% and 157.9% over the unreinforced control. The Mirafi HP370 geotextile performed best at H/3, with improvements of 85.4% and 121.1%. The results confirm that both reinforcement type and placement depth significantly influence subgrade performance, and that biaxial geogrid reinforcement at mid-depth offers the greatest structural benefit for the clay investigated. The experimentally derived CBR values are discussed in relation to their implications for flexible pavement thickness design over weak clay subgrades.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21887185

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Authors: Prateek Anand, Assistant Professor Rishi Sharma, Assistant Professor Gaurav Morghare

Abstract: Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite communication has emerged as a key enabler of sixth-generation (6G) Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTNs), offering global coverage, low propagation delay, and high-capacity broadband connectivity. However, the high orbital velocity of LEO satellites introduces significant challenges, including severe Doppler frequency shifts, rapidly varying channel conditions, and frequent handovers, which adversely affect communication reliability, throughput, and Quality of Service (QoS). Existing Doppler compensation and handover mechanisms are generally treated as independent processes and often rely on static threshold-based strategies or computationally intensive artificial intelligence (AI) models, limiting their adaptability in highly dynamic satellite communication environments. This paper proposes an Adaptive AI-Assisted Doppler Compensation and Predictive Handover Optimization (AIDCPHO) framework for LEO satellite communication in 6G Non-Terrestrial Networks. The proposed framework integrates real-time Doppler estimation, AI-assisted predictive handover decision-making, adaptive beam selection, and dynamic link quality assessment into a unified optimization model. A predictive mobility module estimates future satellite-user link conditions using orbital dynamics and user mobility information, while an adaptive Doppler compensation module minimizes frequency estimation errors before communication degradation occurs. Furthermore, a multi-parameter handover decision algorithm utilizes Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR), Doppler shift, elevation angle, received signal strength, and predicted link quality to proactively initiate seamless handovers, thereby reducing service interruption and packet loss. The proposed framework is implemented and evaluated using MATLAB-based simulations that model realistic LEO satellite orbital movement, time-varying communication channels, and user mobility scenarios.

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Yuvika Priyadarshini
Affiliation	Director, YRCAIRI TECH (OPC) PVT. LTD.
Email-Id:	info@thecairi.com
Publication:  Growth and Performance of Data Mining in Banking Industry” International Journal Engineering Science & Research Technology (IJESRT) Volume 6, Issue 7,July 2017. Data Analytics Integration in Banking Industry “at the International conference on Recent Innovations in  Electrical,Electronics,Computer,Information,Communicationand Mechanical Engineering (ICRIEECICME) at Pune , India on  21st May 2017. Effectiveness of Data Mining Techniques in Banking “ at Computer Applications: An International journal  (CAIJ), Nov 2017. Growth Pool of Knowledge Management in Banking Industry" at  International Conference on Emerging Technologies, Systems & Applications. April 2018. Information Secrecy and Security in AI" at International Journal of Science Engineering and Technology. June 2024.

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