Authors: Muhammad Yakubu Yakubu

Abstract: The proliferation of mobile applications in Information and Communication Technology for Development (ICT4D) has delivered critical social and health benefits across low-resource settings. However, these digital solutions often impose hidden environmental costs including high energy consumption, accelerated device obsolescence, and electronic waste that undermine their long-term sustainability and equity. This paper introduces and empirically validates the Environmental Mobile App Impact Assessment (EMAIA), a novel framework designed to measure and mitigate the sustainability impacts of ICT4D (Information and Communication Technology for Development) applications. Through a comprehensive case study of Nigeria's RedRose One app used by 128 frontline health workers in Seasonal Malaria Chemoprevention campaigns we demonstrate EMAIA’s practical utility across five key dimensions: Energy Consumption, Device Lifecycle, Network Utilization, E-Waste Contribution, and Carbon Emissions. Survey results reveal a significant environmental and user burden: 77.3% of workers report excessive battery drain, 60.2% were compelled to upgrade devices specifically for app compatibility, 70.3% face high data costs, and 49.2% have disposed of devices due to compatibility issues. These indicators culminate in a poor overall EMAIA score of 1.90/5.00, highlighting a critical disconnect between the app’s public health objective and its unsustainable operational footprint. Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses further underscores user priorities, with 62% of suggestions advocating for robust offline functionality and 41% requesting broader compatibility with older and low-specification devices. The study establishes that environmental sustainability in ICT4D is not a peripheral concern but is intrinsically linked to equity, accessibility, and long-term viability. By making environmental impacts measurable and actionable, the EMAIA framework provides developers, practitioners, and policymakers with an essential tool to align digital innovation with the Sustainable Development Goals. We argue for the mandatory integration of such assessments into the ICT4D project lifecycle to ensure that technological progress delivers social benefits without imposing ecological costs or financial burdens on the communities it aims to serve.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21769173

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Dr. Uja Emmanuel Uja
Affiliation	Lecturer,Department of Agricultural,Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State,Nigeria.
Email-Id:	emmauja24@yahoo.com
Publication:  Uja, E.U., Okereke, N A. A., Nwandikom G.I.,Madubuike C.N.and Egwuonwu, C.C.(2019) Assessing the influence of the Climatic factors on the Maximum Dry Density of Soils :Effects on Erosion 5(1):1-21, Futo Journal Series e-ISSN:2476-8456 p-ISSN:2467-8325 Federal University ofTechnology,Owerri,Nigeria. Okorafor, O.O.,Egwuonwu, C.C., Uja,E.U., Chikwue, M.I.and Nnadieze, G.J.(2019)Utilization of Palm Kernel Shell as Coarse Aggregate in Lightweight Concrete 6(10):1730-1743,International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology e-ISSN:2395-0056 Pp-ISSN:2395-0072 Fast Track Publication. UjaE.U.,Okereke, N.A.A.,Nwandikom,G.I.,Madubuike, C.N.and Egwuonwu,C.C.(2019) Assessing the Influence of Climatic factors on the Sand Content of Soils: Effects on Erosion 6(12):1410-1418,International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology e-ISSN:2395-0056 p-:2395-0072 Fast Track Publication. Nwachukwu, P .C.,Popoola, J.O. and Uja, E.U.(2020) Soil Chemistry at Ihiagwa Wastedump, Imo State, Nigeria 6(12):13-25,International Journal of Advanced Academic Research Sciences,Technology and Engineering ISSN:2188-9849 International Network for Natural Sciences. Ayidu,C., Okorafor,O.O., Uja,E.U., Alaka,C.A (2025) Evaluation of Rainfall Erosivity and Soil Erodibility in Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria Using the RUSE Model in GIS, 8(1):152-163,Nigerian Journal of Engineering Science Research.ISSN::2636-7114 Nijesr Publishers.

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Dr. Harsh M. Joshi
Affiliation	Assistant Professor,Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
Email-Id:	drharshmjoshi@gmail.com
Publication: Patents: AI Based device for detection of squamous cell carcinoma. Digital pregnancy testing kit with smart countdown. Biosensor for detection of cholesterol levels. Books: Pharmacology Essentials.,Published by Paras Publication. SECOND edition: 20th Jan 2025. Publications: Joshi JM, Joshi Harsh Manishbhai, Patel H, Patel PS. Effectiveness and follow-up of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate in postpartum and postabortal patients. Natl J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol 2023;13(01):197-203. Joshi Harsh Manishbhai, Joshi JM, Patel KP, Shah KN, Patel VJ. Morbidity and drug utilization pattern among admitted pregnant anemic women and to find out rationality of drug by using Indian guidelines. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2014;3:947-53. Patel KP, Joshi Harsh Manishbhai, Khandhedia C, Shah H, Shah KN, Patel VJ. Study of drug utilization, morbidity pattern and cost of hypolipidemic agents in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Basic Clin Pharmacol 2013;2:470-5. Gor KA, Shah KN, Joshi PB, Joshi Harsh Manishbhai, Rana DA, Malhotra SD. Off-label drugs use in neurology outpatient department: A prospective study at a tertiary care teaching hospital. Perspect Clin Res 2020;11:31-6. Patel KP, Joshi Harsh Manishbhai, Patel VJ. A study of morbidity and drug utilization pattern in indoor patients of high risk pregnancy at tertiary care hospital. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol 2013;2:372-8.

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Authors: Research Scholar Merin Titty D Cunha, Assistant Professor Dr. Jisha S Kumar

Abstract: In today’s digital age, the internet serves as a fast, cost-effective, and accessible medium for accessing health-related information. The availability of audiovisual content and the ability to obtain direct insights from medical experts have further enhanced the appeal of online health information among users. This study primarily aims to explore the connection between individuals’ online health information seeking patterns and the outcomes that follow after their search. To analyse these relationships, Smart PLS-SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling) is employed to examine the interplay among the key variables. Findings reveal that an individual’s motivation to seek health information online significantly influences post-search actions, such as modifying health practices, consulting a healthcare provider, or disseminating the acquired information to others. The study underscores the importance for healthcare professionals to recognize the underlying motivations and behavioural intentions driving consumers’ engagement with online health resources.

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Authors: Sonal Sinha

Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has a dual relationship with cybersecurity: it is both a powerful defensive technology and, increasingly, a high-value attack target in its own right. Machine learning, deep learning, foundation models, and large language models (LLMs) now underpin intrusion detection, malware analysis, phishing identification, and autonomous incident response. At the same time, adversaries exploit AI for automated reconnaissance, AI-generated phishing, and attacks aimed directly at AI models — adversarial evasion, data poisoning, model extraction, prompt injection, jailbreaking, and AI supply-chain compromise. This paper condenses a comprehensive survey into a conference-length treatment: it traces the evolution of AI in cybersecurity, presents a unified taxonomy of attacks across the AI lifecycle, reviews key defense mechanisms (explainable AI, federated learning, differential privacy, guardrails, zero trust), summarizes major governance frameworks (NIST AI RMF, ISO/IEC 42001, EU AI Act, OWASP LLM Top 10), and outlines open research challenges for building trustworthy, resilient AI-driven security systems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21715925

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Authors: Rafiu K. Olalere, Y.O Bankole, Hongming Xu, Animashahun L. A, Sheriff Lamidi

Abstract: The increasing demand for cleaner and more sustainable transportation fuels has intensified interest in renewable oxygenated fuels capable of improving the combustion and emission characteristics of gasoline direct-injection (GDI) spark-ignition engines. This study presents a comparative experimental investigation of the combustion behaviour, engine performance, and gaseous emissions of commercial unleaded gasoline (ULG95) and absolute ethanol in a spray-guided GDI engine. Experiments were conducted under stoichiometric operating conditions (λ = 1) at an engine speed of 1500 rpm over an indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) range of 3.5–8.5 bar using optimized spark timing. Combustion characteristics were evaluated through in-cylinder pressure analysis, coefficient of variation of IMEP (COVIMEP), combustion phasing (MFB50), combustion duration, combustion efficiency, indicated thermal efficiency, and indicated specific fuel consumption. Regulated gaseous emissions comprising carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbons (HC), and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) were also measured and compared. The results demonstrate that ethanol produced higher peak cylinder pressures, shorter combustion durations, improved combustion stability, and higher combustion and indicated thermal efficiencies than gasoline throughout the investigated load range. The superior combustion characteristics of ethanol were attributed to its inherent oxygen content, higher octane rating, and greater resistance to knock, which enabled optimum combustion phasing without knock-limited spark retard. Ethanol also produced substantially lower CO and HC emissions than gasoline, although differences in NOₓ emissions reflected variations in combustion temperature and ignition characteristics. Overall, the study demonstrates that ethanol offers significant advantages in combustion quality and exhaust emission reduction, highlighting its potential as a sustainable fuel for future high-efficiency GDI spark-ignition engines.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21714967

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Dr. Surapati Pramanik
Affiliation	Assistant Professor, Department of  mathematics,Nandalal Ghosh B.T. College,Panpur, Narayanpur,India.
Email-Id:	sura_pati@yahoo.co.in
Publication:  Books: Mallick, R., Pramanik, S., & Giri, B. C. (2025). ITrNN-TODIM Strategy for MCDM in Interval Trapezoidal Neutrosophic Number Environment. In F. Smarandache & S. Pramanik (Eds.), New trends in neutrosophic theory and applications, Volume IV (pp. 187–202). Neutrosophic Science International Association (NSIA) Publishing House, United States of America.  Publications: Das, R., Bal, P., Pramanik, S., Smarandache, F., & Bhattacharjee, K. Application of quadripartitioned neutrosophic α-level sets on decision making problems using MATLAB. Mathematica Montisnigri, 65,66–86. 2026. Pramanik, S., & Ray, K. S.PNN – COCOSO for multi attribute group decision making. South East Asian Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences, 22 (1), 1-24 2026. Chatterjee,T., Pramanik, S. , Mondal, S. and Chakraborty, A.A new MCDM strategy to select the best e-car using hybrid weighted arithmetic & geometric operator under triangular neutrosophic arena. Journal of Fuzzy Extension and Applications, 7(2), 435-474. doi: 10.22105/jfea.2025.485563.1681 2026. Ghosh, N. & Pramanik, S.Academic rankings: an analysis of Nandalal Ghosh B.T. College in the AD Scientific Index 2025. Bharati International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research & Development,4 (3), 229-259, 2026. Majumder, P., & Pramanik, S.Spherical fuzzy BW-AHP strategy and its applications in renewable energy. Boletim da Sociedade Paranaense de Matemática, 44(1), 1–21,2026.

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Authors: Avinash M, Manjunath S.H, Vikram C.K

Abstract: The turbulent flow past square cylinders is a fundamental problem in fluid mechanics because it governs aerodynamic loading, vortex-induced vibration, drag, and heat transfer in engineering systems such as high-rise buildings, bridge piers, offshore structures, heat exchangers, and electronic cooling devices. Despite extensive research, accurately predicting flow separation, wake development, and thermal transport under varying operating conditions remains challenging. This review critically synthesizes recent advances in both experimental and numerical investigations of turbulent flow past square cylinders. Experimental techniques, including Particle Image Velocimetry, Laser Doppler Velocimetry, hot-wire anemometry, pressure measurements, and flow visualization, are assessed alongside Computational Fluid Dynamics approaches based on Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes, Large Eddy Simulation, Detached Eddy Simulation, Scale-Adaptive Simulation, and Direct Numerical Simulation. The influence of Reynolds number, blockage ratio, corner modifications, thermal boundary conditions, and multiple-cylinder arrangements on wake dynamics and heat transfer is systematically evaluated. The review shows that Large Eddy Simulation provides the most accurate prediction of vortex shedding, wake structures, and aerodynamic forces, whereas Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes models remain computationally efficient for engineering applications. Corner rounding, chamfering, and passive flow-control techniques consistently reduce drag and suppress wake instability while improving thermal performance. Remaining challenges include high-Reynolds-number simulations, coupled thermo-fluid analysis, turbulence model accuracy, and systematic experimental validation. The review identifies current research gaps and highlights future opportunities in advanced turbulence modelling, high-performance computing, and data-driven approaches to support the design of safer, more efficient, and thermally optimized bluff-body engineering systems.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21702349

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Authors: Dr. G. Sugendran, Surinder Kumar

Abstract: The continuing shrinking trend of electronics along with growing power densities has resulted in many heat dissipation difficulties. Microchannel heat sinks are promising and compact heat sinks but limited by thermal performance due to thermal capabilities of traditional coolant fluids. This work examines the prospect of using hybrid nanofluids, i.e., a mixture of several different nanoparticles, to improve the convective heat transfer coefficients of microchannel flow. A detailed numerical analysis based on the two-phase Eulerian-Eulerian approach is performed to assess the thermohydrodynamic properties of aluminum oxide-copper/water hybrid nanofluid through rectangular microchannels under Reynolds numbers between 200 and 1000 and nanoparticle volume fractions between 0.5% and 2.0%. The simulations reveal a considerable heat transfer enhancement where the Nusselt number rises up to 38.4% at 1.0% volume fraction while reducing the thermal resistance by 29.6% and achieving the highest thermal efficiency ratio of 1.31. Although there is an increased pressure drop (18.7%), the thermal-hydraulic performance proves the feasibility of hybrid nanofluids as a new coolant.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21697150

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Authors: Dr.Sumbul Alam

Abstract: Food waste management is a contemporary global issue. According to UNDP, food waste constitutes 40-51% of the waste in the Kingdom, followed by paper, cardboard, plastics, and other materials. Consequently, an effective waste segregation system is essential to address this problem. This research proposal aims to develop a mechanism for the segregation of decayed fruits and vegetables from the shelves, storage, and inventories of retailers such as Hyper Panda, Carrefour , and Lulu hypermarkets, utilising a hybrid machine learning algorithm comprising Linear SVM and PCA, alongside YOLO for real-time detection. Following segregation, this organic waste may be transported to a biorefinery where, using anaerobic digestion technology, it can be turned into methane gas. Currently, the door-to-door accessibility of processed foods, consumer products, and groceries is in great demand. Consequently, this methane gas may be utilised by their own delivery trucks and vehicles, so minimising food waste reduction in retail, promoting energy sustainability, and decreasing pollution.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21676317

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