Authors: Ar. Arjun Sharma, Zuneid Khan

Abstract: This study aimed to assess green building principles, sustainable construction attributes, industry practices, and barriers to sustainable construction implementation as a basis for developing a Sustainable Construction Framework for Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. The study employed a descriptive mixed-methods research design using an explanatory sequential approach. The quantitative phase involved 20 construction professionals and stakeholders, while the qualitative phase involved 10 purposively selected key informants with relevant professional experience in construction, sustainability, and infrastructure development. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative data were analyzed using frequency and percentage distributions, weighted mean, and standard deviation, while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed a generally favorable assessment of sustainable construction among the respondents. Green building principles were generally recognized and practiced, with construction waste management and recycling obtaining the highest weighted mean of 4.80. Sustainable construction attributes were also rated favorably, with promoting worker and community well-being receiving the highest weighted mean of 4.90. Among industry practices, worker training and regular monitoring of project performance for sustainability compliance obtained the highest weighted mean of 4.80. However, significant barriers to sustainable construction implementation were identified. The lack of government incentives, limited availability of sustainable materials, and weak enforcement of environmental policies each obtained the highest weighted mean of 5.00. High initial construction costs, resistance to organizational change, and limited technical knowledge were also identified as significant barriers. Overall, the findings indicate that construction stakeholders recognize the importance and benefits of sustainable construction but continue to encounter financial, technical, institutional, and organizational constraints. The study therefore recommends the development of a localized Sustainable Construction Framework for Nueva Vizcaya that incorporates stronger policy enforcement, capacity-building programs, financial incentives, improved access to sustainable materials and technologies, stakeholder collaboration, and sustainability monitoring mechanisms. Such a framework may contribute to environmentally responsible, economically viable, and socially responsive construction practices in the province.

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Khan Junaid Ahmed, Md Qasimumar Noorulamin, Khan Miran Altaf, Mohammed Juned Qazi

Abstract: Concrete requires adequate internal moisture during cement hydration to achieve specified compressive strength and long-term durability. Conventional curing methods (ponding, spraying, and wet coverings) require significant volumes of potable water and continuous site labor—resources that are severely restricted in water-stressed regions. Self-curing concrete provides an effective alternative by retaining internal moisture through chemical admixtures. This experimental investigation evaluates the fresh and hardened properties of M30 grade concrete incorporating Polyethylene Glycol-400 (PEG-400) as a self-curing agent at replacement levels of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, and 2.0% by weight of cement. Workability was measured via slump tests, while mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive strength (7, 14, and 28 days), split tensile strength, and flexural strength. The experimental results indicate that workability increases linearly with PEG-400 dosage. An optimum dosage of 1.5% PEG-400 yielded the highest mechanical performance, achieving a 28-day compressive strength of 39.1 MPa (14.3% higher than the control mix). Beyond 1.5%, a marginal decrease in mechanical properties was observed.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21930217

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Authors: Elif Altürk, Mert Parlak, Nazlı Tatar

Abstract: The development of breathable and thermal comfortable textile materials is of increasing significance for personal thermal comfort products. In this study, graphene-coated sheep wool, goat wool, and sheep wool/goat wool composite fabrics were developed and their moisture management properties were evaluated according to ISO 11092. Water vapor permeability (PWVP) and water vapor resistance (Ret) were measured to assess the breathability performance of the fabrics. The results revealed that the graphene-coated sheep wool fabric exhibited the highest water vapor permeability (36.60%) and the lowest water vapor resistance (5.96 Pa·m²/W), indicating superior moisture transport capability. The graphene-coated goat hair fabric showed the lowest permeability (28.43%) and the highest Ret value (9.80 Pa·m²/W), while still remaining within the "good breathability" category. The graphene-coated sheep wool/goat hair composite fabric demonstrated intermediate behavior with a PWVP of 35.10% and a Ret value of 7.80 Pa·m²/W. According to ISO 11092 comfort classification, all investigated fabrics can be considered breathable materials.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21917421

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Authors: Nand Kishor, Prof. Akrati Shrivastava

Abstract: Medical practioner have huge load with growing population after corona in 2020, most of researcher work in this medical field. This paper has proposed a model to classify the diabetic patient retinopathy disease image class detection. This work has processed the image input image quality and train the model. Proposed (Medical Data Classification by Moth Flame Optimization) MDCMFO optimized the input image by moth flame algorithm that cluster input image. Clustered image was used for the feature extraction spatial and frequency domain. Extracted features were used for the training of the neural network. Experiment was done on real image dataset and result shows that proposed work has improved the work efficiency of correct class detection.

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Authors: Assistant Professor Aluvala Sindhuja

Abstract: The construction industry is undergoing a major transformation driven by the need for high-performance, durable, environmentally responsible, and intelligent construction materials. Conventional concrete remains the most widely used construction material; however, its high consumption of Portland cement, associated carbon emissions, brittle behavior, durability limitations, and increasing demand for natural resources have created a strong need for advanced alternatives. Advanced Concrete Technology (ACT) integrates material engineering, supplementary cementitious materials, industrial by-products, fibers, nanomaterials, chemical admixtures, smart sensing mechanisms, and optimized mixture-design techniques to produce concrete with superior mechanical and functional characteristics. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into next-generation advanced concrete incorporating supplementary cementitious materials and fiber reinforcement for sustainable and resilient infrastructure. An experimental framework is proposed in which conventional concrete is compared with modified concrete mixtures containing fly ash, ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume, and optimized fiber reinforcement. Fresh properties, compressive strength, split tensile strength, flexural strength, water absorption, sorptivity, and durability-related characteristics are evaluated at different curing ages. The study further discusses developments in high-performance concrete, self-compacting concrete, engineered cementitious composites, geopolymer concrete, self-healing concrete, recycled aggregate concrete, ultra-high-performance concrete, nano-modified concrete, and smart concrete. The proposed advanced concrete system is expected to demonstrate improved strength, crack resistance, durability, service life, and resource efficiency compared with conventional concrete. The integration of low-carbon binders and advanced reinforcement mechanisms provides an effective pathway for reducing the environmental footprint of infrastructure without compromising structural performance. The study concludes that future concrete technology should progress from conventional strength-oriented design toward performance-based, multifunctional, intelligent, and life-cycle-oriented material engineering.

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Authors: M.Tech. Scholor Harish Mishra, Assistant Professor Dr. Hariram Sahu

Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) multi-storey buildings are highly susceptible to lateral forces induced by earthquakes, which can cause excessive storey displacement, inter-storey drift and structural damage. Steel bracing is a widely used and economical means of improving the lateral stiffness and seismic performance of RC frames, but its effectiveness depends strongly on configuration. This paper presents a comparative seismic evaluation of a three-dimensional twenty-storey (G+20) RC building modelled with and without peripheral X-type steel bracing, analysed under Seismic Zones II, III, IV and V using the Equivalent Static Method in STAAD.Pro CONNECT Edition, in accordance with IS 456:2000, IS 875 (Parts 1 and 2):1987 and IS 1893 (Part 1):2016. Eight structural cases were compared in terms of maximum bending moment, axial force, shear force, support reaction, overall roof displacement, storey displacement and inter-storey drift. The results show that peripheral X-type bracing reduced every response parameter examined in all four seismic zones. The largest and most consistent benefit was in lateral deformation control, with roof displacement reduced by 28.0-33.0% and maximum inter-storey drift reduced by 29.4-32.5%, both widening as seismic zone increased. Reductions in axial force (15.9-34.3%) and support reaction (15.4-34.3%) grew markedly with seismic zone, while the benefit on bending moment fell from 23.4% in Zone II to about 1.9% in Zones IV-V, and the shear-force benefit stayed nearly constant near 25%. The study concludes that peripheral X-type bracing is most reliably effective as a deformation-control measure across all seismic zones, and recommends its use as a supplementary lateral load-resisting system in multi-storey RC construction.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21915048

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Authors: Harish Mishra, Dr. Hariram Sahu

Abstract: Reinforced concrete (RC) moment-resisting frames are widely used in multi-storey construction but are inherently flexible under lateral seismic loading, which can lead to excessive storey drift, non-structural damage and, in severe cases, structural collapse. Supplementing an RC frame with steel bracing is one of the most widely researched and applied means of improving its seismic performance, and a large and growing body of literature has examined the many forms this strategy can take. This paper presents a review of published research on steel-braced RC frames, covering the classification of bracing systems (concentric diagonal, X, V, inverted-V/chevron and K arrangements; eccentric and off-diagonal bracing; buckling-restrained and self-centering braces), their reported effects on lateral stiffness, storey displacement, inter-storey drift, ductility and energy dissipation, the influence of building height and structural irregularity on bracing effectiveness, retrofit and brace-to-frame connection strategies, and the analytical, numerical and experimental methods used to evaluate them. The review finds broad agreement that steel bracing substantially improves lateral stiffness and reduces storey drift relative to a bare RC frame, that X-type and inverted-V (chevron) configurations are the most frequently reported as most effective for stiffness and drift control though the relative ranking varies between studies, and that eccentric and buckling-restrained systems offer superior ductility and energy dissipation at some cost in stiffness. The review also identifies persistent gaps in the literature, including a shortage of controlled, zone-wise or intensity-wise comparisons of a single bracing configuration across the full range of seismic demand, limited experimental validation of brace-to-RC-frame connection detailing at full scale, and a continuing reliance on linear or pushover-level analysis rather than nonlinear time-history assessment for tall buildings. These gaps are identified as priorities for future research.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21914752

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Authors: Ikechukwu S. Chikwe, Erienu Obruche Kennedy, Ofogharenor Tanro Maris, Naku Julius Uko, Abubakar Bilyamini Mu’azu, Anyanwu Chidimma Gogo, Omorodion J.I, Michael Asukwo Nseabasi

Abstract: This study evaluated the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and selected heavy metals in two commercially important stockfish species, Apama (Sepia species) and Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), obtained from Onitsha Market, Nigeria, to determine their potential human health implications. Six representative samples collected from different market locations were analyzed using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) for PAHs and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) for heavy metals. Iron was the predominant metal, ranging from 40.28–83.88 mg/kg, followed by zinc (13.00–21.00 mg/kg), copper (0.80–1.90 mg/kg), manganese (3.00–5.99 mg/kg), chromium (≤0.006 mg/kg), lead (ND–0.002 mg/kg), and cadmium (0.00001–0.00020 mg/kg), while nickel, arsenic, and mercury were not detected. The detected concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic were below the maximum limits recommended by WHO/FAO for fish and fishery products, indicating minimal heavy metal contamination. Sixteen priority PAHs were identified, with phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene being the most frequently detected compounds. Total PAH concentrations ranged from 0.01034 to 0.23780 µg/kg, whereas benzo(a)pyrene concentrations (ND–0.00020 µg/kg) were far below the European Union maximum limit of 2 µg/kg for smoked fish products. Overall, the analyzed stockfish samples were considered safe for human consumption; however, routine monitoring remains essential to detect future contamination and ensure continued consumer protection.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21913433

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Authors: Adeleye, S. A., Adewumi, A. A, Falana, A. B

Abstract: The increasing demand for clean, efficient, and sustainable energy systems has created the need for alternatives to conventional fossil fuel-based power generation technologies, which are associated with environmental pollution, greenhouse gas emissions, and gradual resource depletion. Among the emerging energy technologies, fuel cells have attracted significant attention because they convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through electrochemical reactions without combustion, resulting in higher efficiency and lower environmental impact. This study aims to review different types of fuel cells, their operating principles, materials, performance characteristics, applications, and associated challenges. The study also evaluates the advantages and limitations of fuel cell systems in relation to modern energy demands and sustainable development goals. A systematic literature review approach was adopted for the study. Relevant information was obtained from peer-reviewed journal articles, textbooks, conference proceedings, technical reports, and publications from recognized scientific databases and energy organizations. The reviewed literature focused on major fuel cell technologies such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs), Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs), and Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cells (PAFCs). Findings from the review revealed that fuel cells possess high energy conversion efficiency, low emissions, quiet operation, and wide application potential in transportation, stationary power generation, portable devices, and industrial systems. The study also showed that PEMFCs are more suitable for transportation applications due to their low operating temperature and fast response time, while SOFCs and MCFCs are more effective for stationary power systems because of their high efficiency and fuel flexibility. Despite these advantages, several limitations were identified, including high production cost, dependence on expensive catalyst materials, hydrogen storage and distribution challenges, durability issues, and inadequate infrastructure for large-scale commercialization. The study concludes that fuel cell technology remains one of the most promising clean energy solutions for future energy systems. However, wider adoption will depend on continuous technological improvement, cost reduction, development of hydrogen infrastructure, and supportive government policies aimed at promoting sustainable energy development.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21913138

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Authors: Hari Om Dhar Badgaiyan, Assistant Professor Hariram Sahu

Abstract: Cable-stayed bridges are widely adopted for medium- to long-span crossings owing to their structural efficiency and aesthetic appeal, and the deck girder material strongly influences their stiffness, weight and overall performance. This paper presents a comparative finite element evaluation of a representative 180 m (30 m + 120 m + 30 m) cable-stayed bridge with three deck girder alternatives — reinforced concrete (RC), structural steel, and prestressed concrete (PSC) — modelled in SAP2000 under identical geometry, cable arrangement, support conditions and IRC Class AA loading. Linear static analysis was carried out with the deck material as the sole variable across the three models. Structural response was compared in terms of joint reactions, joint displacements and rotations, internal frame forces, and area-shell stresses. Results show that the steel deck consistently produced the lowest reactions, displacements, internal forces and stresses owing to its high strength-to-weight ratio; the RC deck exhibited intermediate global response but the highest tensile stress; and the PSC deck attracted the largest internal forces and vertical reactions yet achieved the lowest tensile stress because of prestressing. An indicative life-cycle cost comparison further shows that RC offers the lowest first cost, steel the highest, and PSC the most favourable long-term economy. The findings provide practical, results-based guidance for deck-material selection in cable-stayed bridge design.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21903156

Published by: vikaspatanker