Authors: Prof. Krishna Rathi, Wanjare Vishakha, Shinde Arati, Jadhav Sneha

Abstract: This paper explains the design and development of an IoT-based dog daycare robot that can automatically provide food and water to pets. The proposed system uses a Raspberry Pi Zero as the main controller, which connects to the internet and allows users to control the system remotely using a mobile application or web interface. A servo motor is used to dispense a fixed quantity of food, ensuring proper portion control. A relay-controlled submersible pump is used to supply water when required. In automatic mode, feeding can be scheduled at fixed times. It shows how IoT technology can be used to solve real-life problems and improve pet care.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20589670

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: R Gayathri, Rohith V, M Mugilvannan

Abstract: Sophisticated assailants outperform human defenders in today's cyber networks. This project introduces AEGIS, an end-to-end autonomous cyber operations system that integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) within the CybORG++ environment to overcome human latency and inflexible rule-based systems. AEGIS competes in a zero-sum game between an autonomous Blue Agent defense (Microsoft Phi-3.5-mini) and a Red Agent attacker (Qwen2.5-Coder-3B) using an Independent Learners technique under Decentralized Training and Decentralized Execution (DTDE). The system has a fully integrated 7-level progressive training pipeline with threshold-separated ChromaDB episodic memories, prioritized replay buffers, and LLM-specific action masking to remove hallucinations. The system uses a distributed MARL architecture that performs LoRA fine-tuning over two physical nodes via direct Ethernet, guaranteeing total parameter isolation, in order to maximize performance under stringent hardware restrictions. In the end, this architecture effectively illustrates how LLM agents with curriculum learning and episodic memory can independently learn intricate, multi-subnet cyber security tactics in sophisticated simulated environments.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20582330

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Agrim Verma, Rashi Singh

Abstract: The transition to hydrogen-based mobility re- quires Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Fuel cells that are not only efficient but also durable under dy- namic load conditions. Traditional lumped parameter models often fail to capture the micro-climates inside theflow channels—areas where water flooding or membrane dehydration occurs locally. This term paper employs Ad- vanced Numerical Analysis to bridge this gap, focusingon the spatial distribution of Electrochemical parameters. By resolving the heat source terms into discrete physical contributions, the model enables targeted en- gineering interventions that are not accessible through bulk parameter approaches.

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: K.S.Ananya, J.Varshika Narayan, Dr G Naresh

Abstract: Climate change has become one of the most significant global challenges of the 21st century, causing severe environmental and economic consequences worldwide. Extreme climate events such as floods, hurricanes, wildfires, droughts, and heatwaves have increased in both frequency and intensity, resulting in substantial financial losses across various sectors, including agriculture, infrastructure, industry, and public services. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of global climate events and their economic impacts using data visualization techniques. The dataset used in this research covers climate-related events occurring between 2020 and 2025 and includes information on event types, affected regions, occurrence dates, and estimated economic losses. The primary objective of this work is to transform complex climate data into meaningful visual representations that facilitate better understanding and interpretation. Tableau was employed as the main visualization tool to create interactive dashboards, bar charts, line graphs, heat maps, highlight tables, and geographic maps. Data preprocessing techniques, including cleaning, filtering, sorting, grouping, and aggregation, were applied to ensure accurate analysis. Time-series visualizations were used to identify trends in climate events and economic damages over the study period, while geographic visualizations highlighted regional variations in climate-related losses. The results reveal significant differences in the economic impacts of various climate events across regions and years, enabling the identification of highly vulnerable areas and the most damaging event categories. The interactive dashboards further support comparative analysis and enhance decision-making capabilities. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of data visualization in communicating complex climate information and provides valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders. The findings emphasize the growing economic burden of climate change and the importance of adopting sustainable strategies, risk mitigation measures, and improved disaster preparedness to reduce future impacts.

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Vaibhav Narwade, Divya Ovhal, Sakshi Aher, Vijaykumar Kale, Mahesh Thakare

Abstract: Herbal soaps are becoming increasingly popular due to their natural origin, therapeutic value, and fewer side effects compared to synthetic soaps. The present study focuses on the formulation and evaluation of herbal papaya soap with antioxidant activity using natural ingredients such as papaya extract, turmeric, honey, sandalwood oil, vitamin E, and rose water. Papaya (Carica papaya) is rich in bioactive compounds including vitamins A, C, E, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and papain enzyme, which provide antioxidant, exfoliating, antimicrobial, and skin-nourishing properties. The herbal soap was prepared using a suitable soap base through the melt-and-pour/cold process method and evaluated for various physicochemical parameters. The formulated soap was assessed for appearance, color, odor, texture, pH, foamability, foam retention, irritation effect, and stability. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using standard methods such as the DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The results showed that the prepared herbal soap possessed good antioxidant activity due to the presence of natural phytoconstituents in papaya and other herbal ingredients. The soap exhibited acceptable pH, good foaming ability, pleasant fragrance, smooth texture, and no skin irritation during testing. The incorporation of natural antioxidants helped protect the skin from oxidative stress and supported skin rejuvenation. The study concludes that herbal papaya soap can be successfully formulated using natural ingredients with effective antioxidant and skin-friendly properties. The developed formulation may serve as a safe, economical, eco-friendly, and beneficial alternative to commercial synthetic soaps. Thus, herbal papaya soap has potential applications in cosmetic and skincare preparations for maintaining healthy and glowing skin.

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Dr. Rahul Arya, Aashish Kumar, Dr. Rishabh Bhardwaj

Abstract: Green synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has emerged as an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical and physical synthesis methods. In the present study, zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous plant extracts of Neem, Tulsi, Orange peel, and Tea leaves. These plant extracts served as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed through visible color change and UV–Visible spectrophotometric analysis. The characteristic absorption peaks confirmed successful nanoparticle synthesis. The influence of pH, conductivity, viscosity, and reaction time on nanoparticle formation was systematically studied using basic laboratory instrumentation including UV–Visible spectrophotometer, pH meter, conductivity meter, Redwood viscometer, hot plate, and flame photometer. Results demonstrated that near-neutral to slightly alkaline pH favored stable nanoparticle formation. Conductivity decreased during the reaction, confirming metal ion reduction. Viscosity measurements suggested interaction between biomolecules and nanoparticles, enhancing colloidal stability. The study establishes that meaningful nanoparticle synthesis and characterization can be achieved.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20574267

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Meenal Maan, Mayank Chauhan, Dr. Rishabh Bhardwaj

Abstract: Food contamination has emerged as a major global concern due to increasing industrialization, intensive agricultural practices, environmental pollution and improper food handling procedures. Contaminants such as pesticide residues, antibiotic residues, heavy metals and naturally occurring toxins frequently enter the food chain and may pose significant risks to human health. Chronic exposure to these contaminants has been associated with cancer, neurological disorders, endocrine disruption, organ toxicity and antimicrobial resistance. The present study evaluates major food contaminants commonly detected in fruits, vegetables, dairy products, meat, fish, cereals and processed foods. Food samples collected from agriculturally intensive regions of western Uttar Pradesh were analyzed using advanced analytical techniques including Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The occurrence, sources, detection methodologies and public health implications of contaminants were investigated. Results revealed detectable levels of pesticide residues, antibiotic residues, heavy metals and mycotoxins in several food samples, with certain samples approaching or exceeding recommended safety limits. The findings highlight the importance of routine monitoring, regulatory compliance and sustainable agricultural practices for ensuring food safety and consumer protection.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20574084

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Dr. Rahul Arya, Aditya Kumar, Dr. Rishabh Bhardwaj

Abstract: Environmental toxicity has emerged as a major global concern due to rapid industrialization, extensive use of hazardous chemicals, and unsustainable manufacturing practices. Conventional chemical processes often depend on toxic raw materials, energy-intensive methods, and non-renewable resources, leading to hazardous waste generation and environmental pollution. Green chemistry has emerged as a sustainable approach that focuses on preventing pollution at its source rather than managing it after generation. This research examines the role of green chemistry in controlling environmental toxicity by analyzing its principles, applications, and effectiveness across various industrial sectors. The study is based on qualitative review, secondary data analysis, and case studies comparing conventional chemical practices with green chemistry alternatives. The findings indicate that green chemistry significantly reduces hazardous waste generation, toxic emissions, and energy consumption while improving resource efficiency and process safety. Applications in pharmaceuticals, agriculture, polymers, and advanced materials demonstrate that green chemistry can support environmental protection without compromising industrial productivity or economic viability.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20572364

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Meenal Maan, Ritika Saharawat, Dr. Rishabh Bhardwaj

Abstract: The Kali River, originating from Antwada village in Muzaffarnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, is one of the most polluted river systems in northern India. Rapid industrialization, urbanization, and intensive agricultural practices have significantly increased the discharge of organic pollutants into the river. The present study reviews the occurrence, sources, environmental impacts, and remediation strategies associated with organic pollutants in the Kali River of the Muzaffarnagar region. Major pollution sources include untreated industrial effluents from sugar mills, paper mills, distilleries, textile units, domestic sewage, and agricultural runoff. Elevated levels of Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), pesticides, phenolic compounds, surfactants, and other organic contaminants have severely degraded water quality. The study highlights ecological consequences such as dissolved oxygen depletion, biodiversity loss, eutrophication, and contamination of agricultural soils and groundwater. Advanced remediation approaches including wastewater treatment technologies, bioremediation, phytoremediation, constructed wetlands, and integrated river basin management are discussed. Sustainable implementation of these measures is essential for restoring the ecological integrity of the Kali River and safeguarding public health.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20572306

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Jai Raghuveera Samarth, Punith Gowda Y N, Akhilesh Gowda J, Mr. Sudeep Kumar K S Assistant Professor

Abstract: Majority of braking systems work on the principle of dissipation of kinetic energy to heat energy. This method has its own drawbacks and must be replaced with a more reliable braking system that is quick in response, doesn’t heat up and is maintenance free. In this project the design of an electro-magnetic braking system and optimization for various operational parameters has been done and the advantage of using the electromagnetic braking system in automobile is studied. These parameters have been previously iterated in cited projects and papers and also in the simulation models and are to be cross-checked with the experimental setup. An Electromagnetic Braking system uses Magnetic force to engage the brake, but the power required for braking is transmitted manually. The wheel is connected to a shaft and the electromagnet braking unit is attached to one side of the wheel. Here the braking unit consists of a hollow circular steel plate and a stator which has 3 spokes made of iron wounded with copper wire (or) magnetic wire. Here the round steel plate which is attached to the wheel rotates when wheel rotates with the help of motor. when current is supplied to the stator the spokes gets magnetized and creates an magnetic field which tries to attract or oppose the motion of rotating circular plate with the help of magnetic field created. In this brakes there is no contact between the electro-magnetic coils and rotating circular plate (i.e 2 mm gap between coil and circular plate) so this is also called as contactless braking system which is a main advantage in using these brakes. These brakes can be incorporated in heavy vehicles as an auxiliary brake. The electromagnetic brakes can be used in commercial vehicles by controlling the current supplied to produce the magnetic flux. Making some improvements in the brakes it can be used in automobiles in future.

Published by: vikaspatanker