Authors: Mohamed Eltom Musa, Emad Saad Saied, Mohamed Yagoub Adam

Abstract: Water scarcity in arid coastal regions has shifted from a resource limitation to a structural constraint on development. Port Sudan represents a critical case where high-salinity seawater coexists with abundant solar energy potential. This study develops an integrated MATLAB/Simulink model of a photovoltaic-powered seawater reverse osmosis (PV-SWRO) desalination system to evaluate performance under real Red Sea conditions. The model combines osmotic pressure calculations, hydraulic energy requirements, and photovoltaic power generation into a unified framework. Under a salinity of approximately 40 ppt, osmotic pressure reaches ~34 bar, requiring an operating pressure near 60 bar. For a plant capacity of 10,000 m³/day, the system requires 35,000 kWh/day, supplied by a PV array of approximately 7.8 MW. Results show that energy demand increases nonlinearly with salinity, while PV integration significantly reduces operational costs. The levelized cost of water (LCOW) is estimated at 0.66 USD/m³, confirming economic feasibility. The study demonstrates that PV-powered SWRO desalination is a technically viable and sustainable solution for water-scarce coastal regions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20137941

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Authors: Shubham Rathod, Dr.Rajeshwari Kannan

Abstract: Social media platforms such as Twitter generate huge textual data every day, making sentiment analysis an important research area in Natural Language Processing (NLP). As there are many tweets that are noisy and reqired some contextual background . So the Research proposes the hybrid architecture of CNN and BiGRU so solve such issue. The Dataset which has been used is Sentiment 140 which contains 1.6 million entries.The methodology used is preprocessing , tokenization , CNN feature extraction and BiGRU contextual learning.The result shows the final accuracy using such architecture comes out to be 77.13%.Along with that there is use of flask web applicaton to create an interface.

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Authors: Deepak kumar

Abstract: I wondered if ancient Vedic mathematics could speed up modern RSA cryptography. RSA needs large prime numbers, but finding them takes time. Vedic divisibility rules (mod 3, 7, 11 flags) reject 90% of wrong candidates instantly. My tests show 4.3x speedup for 120-bit primes. This bridges 5000-year-old Indian math with 21st-century security.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20151255

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Authors: Chaudhari Bhushan Ramesh, Seema S Bonde, Chaudhari Pranav Sunil, S G Patil, Sharma Nibha Rajdev, S M Pawar

Abstract: Artificial intelligence was once was an idea on paper but in past few year it has moved in real-world use and is changing the landscape by enhancing efficiency innovation and accessibility. This paper is a study of ai adoption in various industries in India. The research paper is a combination of various research papers, industrial report, and survey-based reports on different sectors like agriculture, content-creation, finance, education, healthcare in India focusing on adoption trends, tools, and transformative impacts. The research adopts a qualitative secondary research methodology. The study integrate insight from the different reports and the finding reveal that the ai adoption in finance and content-creation sector is high, while in education and healthcare sector is moderate, and in agriculture sector is low due to lack of awareness.AI applications exhibit measurable benefits including cost reduction, productivity improvement and enhanced decision-making. Despite the benefits there are challenges that cannot go unnoticed like data privacy, skill gap, and lag of infrastructure. The research study concludes that AI holds the transformative capability for development of India.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20137352

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Adebiyi Adeniyi Mayowa

Abstract: Effective leadership behaviour is critical for the successful delivery of building construction projects, particularly in complex and stakeholder-intensive environments such as the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. This study evaluates the leadership behaviours demonstrated by project managers on building construction projects in Abuja, aiming to determine the prevalence of negative leadership traits in project practice. A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing structured questionnaires distributed to built environment professionals. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean score, and standard deviation, were used for data analysis. The study achieved a response rate of 84%, with 185 valid responses analyzed. The results indicate that the most prominent negative leadership behaviour was insensitivity to team members’ behaviour (Mean = 3.2083), followed by poor communication behaviour (Mean = 2.8375) and assuming little or no responsibility (Mean = 2.5875), all rated at a neutral level. Other behaviours, such as inadequate planning and organizing (Mean = 2.4042), highly autocratic behaviour (Mean = 2.4000), overdependence (Mean = 2.3750), inability to select competent personnel (Mean = 2.3208), high reliance on subordinates (Mean = 2.1583), and nonchalant attitude (Mean = 2.1292), were rated lower and considered less prevalent. The average total mean score of 2.4912 suggests general disagreement that these negative leadership behaviours are commonly exhibited by project managers, indicating that project managers in the study area generally display acceptable and positive leadership practices. The study recommends ongoing leadership development through training in communication, emotional intelligence, interpersonal relations, and team management, as well as the promotion of participative leadership styles, enhanced accountability systems, and mentorship for emerging project managers. Strengthening leadership capacity among project managers is identified as essential for improving team coordination, stakeholder satisfaction, and project delivery performance in Nigeria’s construction industry.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20135601

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Authors: Bobelya A

Abstract: Drug trafficking and drug addiction represent major global challenges affecting public health, social stability, and national security. Drug trafficking refers to the illegal production, transportation, and distribution of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances across national and international borders. This illicit trade contributes significantly to the spread of drug addiction, organized crime, corruption, and violence. Drug addiction, on the other hand, is a chronic disorder characterized by compulsive drug use despite harmful consequences, leading to severe physical, psychological, and social problems. At the international level, several conventions and organizations have been established to control drug trafficking and abuse. Key legal frameworks include the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961, the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, 1971, and the United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances, 1988. These conventions aim to regulate the production, distribution, and use of narcotic substances and encourage international cooperation in combating drug-related crimes. Organizations such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime play a crucial role in monitoring global drug trends and assisting countries in implementing drug control policies. At the national level, many countries have enacted strict legislation to prevent drug trafficking and substance abuse. In India, the primary law governing drug control is the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985, which criminalizes the manufacture, possession, sale, purchase, and transportation of narcotic drugs without authorization. The Act also provides stringent penalties for offenders and empowers enforcement agencies to investigate and prosecute drug-related crimes. This study highlights the relationship between drug trafficking and addiction while examining the legal frameworks designed to control these issues at both international and national levels. It emphasizes the need for stronger cooperation among governments, effective law enforcement, public awareness, and rehabilitation programs to address the growing problem of drug abuse and trafficking worldwide.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134480

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Authors: Timothy O. Oni, Iboyi Nathaniel Onuche, Dokubo Chinweike Unoma, Odo Vincentmary C, Kene-Okonkwo Adachukwu, Iboko Ifeoma Juliet

Abstract: Alcohol (ethanol) is a hepatotoxic agent that induces oxidative stress and disrupts liver function. This study evaluated the effects of three commercial ethanol brands (Seaman, Chelsea, and Lords) at high (3 ml/kg/day) and low (1.5 ml/kg/day) doses on liver function and antioxidant status in Wistar rats. Thirty-five rats (150–160 g) were divided into seven groups (n = 5) and treated for two weeks. Liver enzymes (ALT, AST), protein profile, bilirubin, and oxidative stress markers (SOD, CAT, LDH, MDA) were analyzed using standard methods. Control values were ALT = 24.26 U/L and AST = 138.23 U/L. High-dose Seaman produced the greatest hepatotoxicity (ALT = 39.33 U/L; AST = 203.53 U/L), followed by Lords (ALT = 32.23 U/L; AST = 156.33 U/L), while Chelsea reduced AST (101.66 U/L). Albumin decreased markedly in Seaman high-dose (1.23 g/dL vs. 2.22 g/dL control). Oxidative markers showed SOD = 27.01 ×10⁻⁶ U/mL and CAT = 88.02 U/mL in controls. Lords low-dose caused severe depletion (SOD = 6.63 ×10⁻⁶ U/mL), while Chelsea high-dose increased antioxidant activity (SOD = 43.11 ×10⁻⁶ U/mL; CAT = 122.73 U/mL) but elevated LDH (489.75 μg/mL). Ethanol induced dose- and brand-dependent hepatotoxicity. Seaman was most hepatotoxic, Lords caused greatest oxidative depletion, while Chelsea elicited adaptive antioxidant responses with cellular damage.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20134138

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Authors: Jeevanantham D, Nithya M

Abstract: In the modern construction field, many advanced software tools are available for structural design, but they are often complex and not easily accessible for all users. Microsoft Excel plays a major role in engineering calculations because it is simple, flexible, and capable of mapping data efficiently without errors. In this study, a spreadsheet-based tool is developed for the design of reinforced cement concrete (RCC) elements such as slab, beam, column, and footing. The design follows a load transfer path from slab to footing. The spreadsheet is created based on IS 456:2000 provisions, where only selected input cells are editable and all other cells are pre-formulated. The tool helps to determine whether the structure is safe or unsafe and provides reinforcement details. This method is useful for basic design understanding and preliminary structural verification.

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Authors: Saurabh Singh

Abstract: The present study investigates the temporal variation of river water quality during Maha Kumbh 2025 in the Prayagraj Sangam region using Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) monitoring observations. The assessment was carried out using major physicochemical and biological parameters including turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and fecal coliform. Temporal trend analysis and statistical interpretation were performed to evaluate the impact of large-scale pilgrimage activities on river water quality. The results indicated noticeable fluctuations in turbidity, COD, BOD, and fecal coliform concentrations during major bathing events, suggesting enhanced anthropogenic influence and sediment disturbance in the river system. Dissolved oxygen remained relatively stable throughout the monitoring period, while pH values stayed within acceptable environmental limits. Correlation analysis revealed positive relationships among turbidity, COD, and fecal coliform, indicating combined effects of organic and microbial contamination during intensive bathing periods. The study highlights the significance of continuous water quality monitoring during mass religious gatherings for sustainable river management and environmental protection.

DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20133734

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Authors: Miss Gaikwad Janhvi Anurath, Miss. Kadam Vaishnavi Raju, Mr. Chinmay Shinde, Mr. Narayanpure Sujal, Prof. Dr.Ashish Kumar

Abstract: Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is an advanced solid-state joining technique used for welding similar and dissimilar metals without melting the base materials. In this project, an experimental investigation has been carried out to study the mechanical properties of dissimilar joints between Aluminium Alloy AA6061 and Copper (ETP Copper) using the Friction Stir Welding process. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of welding parameters on the strength and quality of the welded joints. The welding experiments were performed using a carbide conical ball nose tool under different process conditions such as rotational speed, welding speed, and plunge depth. Proper fixture arrangements and clamping systems were used to obtain defect-free joints. AA6061 aluminium and copper were selected due to their wide applications in aerospace, automobile, marine, electrical, and heat transfer industries where light weight materials with high thermal and electrical conductivity are required. After the welding process, the joints were examined through visual inspection and tested for various mechanical properties including tensile strength, hardness, and microstructural characteristics. The experimental results showed that welding parameters greatly affect heat generation, material flow, and intermetallic compound formation at the weld interface. Optimized welding conditions produced sound joints with better tensile strength and uniform hardness distribution. The investigation concludes that Friction Stir Welding is an efficient and economical process for joining dissimilar aluminium-copper materials with fewer defects and Improved mechanical properties compared to conventional fusion welding methods. The results of this project can be useful for industrial applications requiring strong, lightweight, and conductive dissimilar metal joints.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20133147

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