Daily Archives: August 8, 2026

Authors: Ramina. K

Abstract: Lead sulphide (PbS) thin films have attracted significant research interest because of their narrow band gap, excellent infrared sensitivity, and promising applications in optoelectronic devices, infrared detectors, solar cells, and photoconductive systems. The present study investigates the synthesis and characterization of PbS thin films deposited on glass substrates using the Successive Ionic Layer Adsorption and Reaction (SILAR) technique. The films were prepared under controlled deposition conditions and subsequently subjected to different cooling durations to evaluate their influence on structural and optical characteristics. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), while surface morphology and optical properties were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and UV–Visible spectroscopy. XRD analysis confirmed the formation of polycrystalline PbS thin films with a face-centred cubic crystal structure. Variations in grain size, strain, and dislocation density were observed with different cooling durations, indicating that post-deposition treatment significantly affects crystal growth. SEM images revealed uniform surface morphology with densely packed grains, whereas UV–Visible analysis demonstrated favourable optical absorption characteristics suitable for photovoltaic and infrared sensing applications. The findings indicate that the SILAR method is an economical, simple, and effective technique for producing high-quality PbS thin films with potential applications in advanced optoelectronic devices.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21847782

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Research Scholar Reeta, Assistant Professor Dr Meentu Grover

Abstract: Neuro-marketing has emerged as an interdisciplinary field that integrates marketing, psychology, and neuroscience to understand the cognitive and emotional processes underlying consumer decision-making. The present study empirically examines the influence of key neuro-marketing factors consumer attention, emotional response, memory, sensory appeal, and subconscious influence on consumer behaviour. The study adopts a quantitative research design and considers a sample of 200 respondents. Data are measured using a five-point Likert scale and analyzed through descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The empirical analysis indicates that attention, emotional response, memory, and subconscious influence have positive and significant relationships with consumer behaviour, whereas sensory appeal demonstrates a positive but comparatively weaker influence when other factors are considered simultaneously. The regression model indicates that the selected neuro-marketing factors collectively explain a substantial proportion of the variation in consumer behaviour. Among the factors examined, emotional response emerges as one of the most influential predictors, highlighting the importance of affective engagement in shaping consumer responses. The findings suggest that marketers can improve consumer engagement by designing marketing stimuli that effectively capture attention, generate positive emotions, strengthen brand memory, and influence automatic decision processes. The study contributes to the growing empirical literature on neuro-marketing by demonstrating a structured framework for examining the relationship between psychological marketing stimuli and consumer behaviour. However, the findings should be interpreted in light of the study's methodological limitations and should be validated through larger samples and actual consumer data in future research.

Published by: vikaspatanker