Daily Archives: April 4, 2026

Authors: P.Vijay, S.Manikanth, S.Chaitanya, V.Ramya

Abstract: In an era dominated by digital communication, traditional social games that rely on physical presence and non-verbal interaction face the risk of obsolescence. Games like Pictionary, which thrive on creativity, quick thinking, and shared laughter, are often difficult to replicate in a virtual environment without losing their core essence. To address this, we present Sketch Rush: A Real- Time Digital Pictionary Experience, a web-based multiplayer game that faithfully recreates the excitement and social dynamics of the classic drawing and guessing game. Sketch Rush leverages modern web technologies to provide a seamless, interactive platform where players can connect, create, and compete in real-time. Sketch Rush is designed not merely as a digital adaptation but as an enhanced, accessible version of the original game. It addresses the limitations of physical Pictionary—such as the need for physical drawing tools, proximity of players, and manual scorekeeping—by automating these processes within an intuitive digital interface. The system comprises two primary modules: a real-time drawing canvas with a rich set of tools for the "Artist," and a dynamic chat interface for the "Guessers." The core game logic, powered by a Node.js backend and WebSocket communication, ensures low-latency synchronization of drawings, guesses, and game states across all connected clients. Preliminary user testing with a cohort of 40 participants has shown that Sketch Rush successfully captures the engaging and collaborative spirit of the original game. Feedback highlighted the platform's intuitive interface, the responsiveness of the real-time features, and its effectiveness in fostering social connection, even among geographically dispersed players. Users reported a high degree of satisfaction, with average System Usability Scale (SUS) scores of 85.6, indicating excellent usability. In essence, Sketch Rush reimagines a beloved social game for the digital age. It transcends the limitations of physical location, offering a platform that is not only functional but also fun, engaging, and socially enriching. By combining intuitive design with robust real-time technology, Sketch Rush provides a compelling case for the successful digital transformation of traditional social experiences.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19416157

 

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Dr. Sarika Sharma

Abstract: Atmospheric chemistry plays an important role in the global climate system as greenhouse gases (GHGs) are involved in the Earth's climate system, radiation, and atmosphere. GHGs such as carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and halogenated compounds absorb infrared light and emit it in the atmosphere of Earth as greenhouse gases, and this is associated with the greenhouse effect. The heat in the lower atmosphere is retained, and global warming and the surface temperature of the Earth are increasing. As such, the chemistry of greenhouse gases depends on the concentration of atmospheric gases as well as their chemical composition, reactivity, lifetime, and interaction with solar and terrestrial radiation (e.g., photochemical reactions, oxidation processes, gas-aerosol interaction). For example, methane oxidation and nitrogen oxide cycles play an important role in ozone production and secondary radiative forcing, so that the chemistry of atmospheric chemistry and climate are interrelated. Since the 20th century, anthropogenic activities such as combustion of fossil fuels, industrial pollution, deforestation, and agricultural processes have increased the GHG levels in our atmosphere, thus adding to the natural greenhouse effect. However, CO₂ is the most important greenhouse gas present now, but it is not the only one that is responsible for warming, and other gases such as CH₄ and N₂O are essential in the global warming process as well. Atmospheric chemistry reveals that the greenhouse effect is not only dependent on CO₂, but many interacting gases are involved in the climate processes. Recent studies have also shown that changes in the composition of the atmosphere can lead to severe weather events, radiative forcing, and climate feedback loops, and the consequences can be dramatic for global warming. In any system for climate change, the interplay of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and chemical reactions in the atmosphere should be taken into account. From a global perspective, understanding the chemistry and nature of greenhouse gases is necessary to understand what is driving us toward global warming. The chemical properties and interactions of these gases are also useful in understanding how climate change must be countered in the long run and how to identify solutions to this problem for climate policy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19416017

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Sagar Nadavati, Jeffrey Joe, Janakiraman

Abstract: This study investigates the crashworthiness performance of a FSAE roll cage subjected to frontal impact using explicit dynamic simulation. Two high-strength materials, AISI 4130 chromoly steel and Docol R8 advanced high- strength steel, were evaluated. The roll cage geometry was modelled using SolidWorks and imported into ANSYS Explicit Dynamics for frontal crash simulation at an impact velocity of 8 m/s against a rigid wall boundary condition. Key performance indicators such as total deformation, equivalent von-Mises stress distribution, plastic strain, and energy absorption characteristics were analysed. A comparative study between both materials was conducted to determine structural safety performance and weight optimization potential. Results indicate that Docol R8 provides improved strength-to-weight performance compared to AISI 4130, demonstrating its suitability as an alternative roll cage material for Formula Student vehicles.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19415920

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Sandip Thube, Dr. M. A. Badgujar

Abstract: Several complexes derived from thiosemicarbohydrazide, specifically α-benzilmonoximethiosemicarbohydrazide-m-chlorobenzaldehyde (HBMTSmCB) and its complexes with Fe(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Co(II), have been synthesized and meticulously characterized. The characterization employed a range of analytical techniques, including elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, and magnetic susceptibility assessments. Spectroscopic methods such as Proton Magnetic Resonance (PMR), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and electronic absorption spectra were also utilized to elucidate the structural and bonding characteristics of these complexes. It was determined that all trivalent metal complexes synthesized exhibit octahedral geometries.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19415792

 

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Sagar Kumar, Harish Dutt Sharma, Ram Bhawan Singh

Abstract: Phishing attacks have emerged as one of the most significant cybersecurity threats, targeting users by creating fraudulent websites that mimic legitimate platforms to steal sensitive information. Traditional rule-based and blacklist-based detection techniques are often ineffective against newly generated phishing websites. This paper proposes a machine learning-based phishing website detection system that utilizes multiple classification algorithms to identify malicious URLs. The system extracts various URL-based and domain-based features such as URL length, presence of special characters, domain age, and HTTPS usage. Machine learning models including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Logistic Regression (LR) are evaluated. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves high accuracy and outperforms traditional detection methods.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19415751

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Suren kumar Selvamani

Abstract: This work presents a hybrid aluminium-assisted hydrogen generation system utilizing waste aluminium feedstock for continuous hydrogen production through a combination of chemical reaction and electrolysis. Aluminium scrap is processed into fine particles and reacted with water in the presence of a catalyst to generate hydrogen. The system integrates a secondary electrolysis unit to extract additional hydrogen from residual water, thereby improving overall efficiency. A catalyst regeneration loop is incorporated to enable repeated use of catalytic material, while aluminium is consumed as an energy carrier and converted into aluminium oxide. The system is designed for decentralized, on-demand hydrogen generation, particularly suited for remote, off-grid, and waste-to-energy applications.

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Tanhaji Walunj, Madhukar Badgujar

Abstract: A new unsymmetrical p-fluorobenzaldehyde derivative of α-benzilmonoximethiosemicarbohydrazide (HBMTSpFB) ligand is prepared via condensation of α-benzilmonoximethiosemicarbohydrazide and p-fluorobenzaldehyde in the 1:1 ratio. Metal complexes of Fe(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Hg(II) and Ni(II) have been prepared. These prepared compounds were characterized by physicochemical study, PMR, FT(IR), electronic absorption, and magnetic moment, and the purity of the HBMTSpFB ligand was analyzed by thin layer chromatography study. All prepared compounds are color-solid, air-stable, and soluble in common organic solvents. On the basis of elemental analysis metal to ligand and stoichiometry is 1:2 ratio for all complexes. Comparison of the FT(IR) spectra of the HBMTSpFB ligand and its trivalent metal complexes confirm that the HBMTSpFB ligand is a monobasic, tridentate ligand towards the central trivalent metal ion with an ONS and sequence.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19415327

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Mayur Patil, Kunal Viroje, Harsh Waingankar, Dr. Vivek Khalane, Dr. Vaibhav Narawade

Abstract: Online examinations have become a common part of modern education, especially with the growth of remote learning platforms. However, maintaining fairness and preventing malpractice in such environments remains a major challenge. In this work, we present an AI-based online proctoring system designed to monitor candidates during examinations using real-time video and audio analysis. The system combines face recognition, gaze tracking, head pose estimation, and audio monitoring to detect suspicious activities such as impersonation, presence of multiple individuals, and abnormal behavior. During our testing across multiple sessions and varying environmental conditions, we observed that the system achieved an overall detection accuracy of approximately 92.6% while maintaining real-time performance of 20–30 frames per second. The proposed system reduces dependency on human invigilators and provides a scalable solution for large-scale online examinations.

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Samuel N Nimaful, Augustine Hanyabui, Joel Holison

Abstract: Remote and edge data centers are increasingly deployed in locations where grid power is unavailable, unreliable, capacity-constrained, or prohibitively expensive. In these contexts, “off-grid” practicalities are less about complete electrical isolation than about assured energy autonomy: the ability to maintain service-level objectives (SLOs) and critical uptime during prolonged power interruptions, fuel supply disruptions, and extreme environmental conditions. Achieving this autonomy requires power architectures that integrate dispatchable generation (diesel or gas gensets and/or fuel cells), variable renewable energy (VRE) resources (solar PV, wind, and in some locations hydro), energy storage (UPS and BESS), robust power electronics (including grid-forming inverter-based resources), and supervisory energy management systems (EMS) that co-optimize reliability, cost, and emissions. This paper addresses the research problem: How can off-grid power systems for remote and edge data centers be architected and operated to meet high availability targets under energy constraints while minimizing lifecycle cost and carbon emissions? It synthesizes standards-body guidance, government laboratory research, recent peer-reviewed literature (2016–2026), and vendor technical documents into design patterns, a quantitative comparative model, and actionable deployment guidance. Key findings are as follows. First, microgrids structured around a formal controller specification (e.g., microgrid controller functional requirements in IEEE microgrid-controller standards) provide an engineering basis for predictable islanded operation, black start, and coordinated dispatch across distributed energy resources (DER). [1] Second, hybridization is the dominant pathway for energy-constrained environments: diesel-only designs are simple but are exposed to fuel logistics, price volatility, and emissions; adding renewables and storage materially reduces fuel burn and can improve resilience by reducing the frequency and severity of fuel-delivery dependency—an especially salient risk in remote microgrids where delivered diesel electricity can be extremely costly. [2] Third, for off-grid stability and fast contingency response, inverter-based resources and their protection/control behaviors (grid-forming operation, current limiting, and black-start behavior) are increasingly central, especially as renewable penetration rises. [3] Fourth, safety and compliance for stationary storage (e.g., fire and thermal-runaway propagation testing and installation codes) are not peripheral—they shape siting, enclosure design, and permitting timelines and thus can dominate schedule risk. [4] Quantitatively, a parametric cost-and-carbon model demonstrates that (i) LCOE and emissions are strongly driven by delivered fuel price and renewable fraction, and (ii) heavier “soft costs” and integration overhead penalize very small deployments unless modularized and standardized. Using published CAPEX/O&M baselines for PV, wind, BESS, and gensets, and modeling three load scenarios (low/medium/high) with sensitivity to delivered diesel price, the modeled LCOE ranges from roughly $0.20–$0.70/kWh depending on architecture and fuel price, while carbon intensity ranges from ~0.26–0.74 kg CO₂/kWh as renewable delivered share rises from ~0% to ~65%. [5] Finally, three geographically diverse real-world examples illustrate the range of viable approaches: a gas-generator solution for a large Lagos data center where grid reliability was insufficient; a fuel-cell-powered containerized edge data center integrated with district heating in northern Sweden; and an Alaska edge deployment co-located with hydropower and backed by advanced microgrid modernization efforts—each reflecting different constraints and resource endowments. [6]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19414625

 

Published by: vikaspatanker

Authors: Samuel N Nimaful, Joel Holison, Augustine Hanyabui, Gloria O Darkoh, Laureta Tatenda Nyamutswa, Faith Esther Holison

Abstract: Environmental justice (EJ) in Illinois is shaped by the long arc of industrialization, suburbanization, infrastructure siting, and land-use decisions that have unevenly distributed environmental burdens across communities. Illinois’ pollution landscape spans legacy industrial corridors in and near Chicago[1], heavy manufacturing and petrochemical activity in the Metro-East, extensive agricultural nutrient and pesticide pressures across rural watersheds, major transportation and freight emissions, and persistent contamination from historical dumping and hazardous waste sites. These burdens interact with—and are increasingly amplified by—climate change impacts such as more intense precipitation and flooding, extreme heat, and air-quality–relevant meteorological shifts (e.g., conditions that favor ozone formation). Together, these factors create a cumulative exposure environment that can deepen existing health inequities and economic vulnerabilities for low-income communities and communities of color. [2] This report synthesizes official and peer‑reviewed evidence through 2024 to analyze (a) the major historical and current pollution sources in Illinois; (b) how pollution burdens are distributed spatially by race, income, and related social vulnerability factors; (c) climate hazards that exacerbate exposure and risk; (d) documented and plausible public health outcomes linked to pollution and climate stressors; (e) Illinois and local policy frameworks and resilience programs; (f) community-led EJ initiatives and illustrative case studies; and (g) recommended strategies and metrics for monitoring progress. Where possible, the analysis uses official screening and monitoring frameworks such as EPA’s EJSCREEN and CDC/ATSDR’s Environmental Justice Index (EJI), alongside Illinois EPA air and water program documentation and Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) surveillance. [3]

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19414502

 

Published by: vikaspatanker