Authors: Pranesh Mudiraj
Abstract: The integration of advanced machine learning models into SAP ERP systems has revolutionized the traditional landscape of financial planning and analysis by shifting organizational focus from reactive reporting to proactive forecasting. This review article evaluates the transition from manual, spreadsheet-based accounting toward automated predictive frameworks that leverage the in-memory computing power of SAP S/4HANA. We examine a diverse taxonomy of algorithms, ranging from classical time-series analysis and ensemble methods to sophisticated deep learning architectures, and their specific applications in revenue projection, cash flow management, and risk mitigation. The study details the technical synergy between the SAP Business Technology Platform and embedded analytical engines, emphasizing the importance of data preprocessing and feature engineering in a complex enterprise environment. Furthermore, we provide a comparative analysis between traditional and machine-learning-based forecasting, highlighting improvements in accuracy, cycle time, and scalability. The paper concludes by discussing emerging trends such as generative AI and real-time predictive accounting, offering a strategic roadmap for financial leaders aiming to implement data-driven decision-making processes. By synthesizing current methodologies and practical use cases, this study demonstrates how predictive analytics serves as a cornerstone for the modern intelligent enterprise.