Authors: Mr. Rahul Khobragade, Mr. Rahul Ghotkar, Ms. Amisha Malviya
Abstract: Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerance (GD&T) is a standardized symbolic language used on engineering drawings and models to describe the allowable variation in part geometry. Unlike traditional linear dimensioning, GD&T defines permissible limits of imperfection using feature-based tolerance that relates to functional performance. The primary aim is to ensure that components fit together and function reliably under defined operating conditions, regardless of minor variations during manufacturing. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of GD&T from its historical evolution to practical industry application, its advantages, challenges, and role in modern digital manufacturing. The study also explores how GD&T contributes to precision engineering, reduces rework, enhances productivity, and ensures compliance with global quality standards. Extensive references from international journals, technical standards, and industrial case studies are provided to support the theoretical and practical insights
