Authors: Assistant Professor Bhupendra Deshmukh, Associate Professor Mohite Utkarsha Laxman, Assistant Professor Diksha M Ahire
Abstract: During islanded operation, AC microgrids operate without grid support, making voltage regulation a critical challenge due to load variations, intermittent renewable generation, and inverter-dominated dynamics. In such conditions, maintaining stable voltage becomes difficult without effective local control mechanisms. This paper presents a decentralized voltage control approach based on a PI-dominant PID controller applied at the primary control level. The proposed controller regulates the inverter output voltage to handle disturbances arising from load changes and renewable energy fluctuations, including photovoltaic and fuel cell sources. The control strategy is simple, does not require communication infrastructure, and is suitable for practical implementation. Simulation results obtained using MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the proposed method improves voltage stability, minimizes oscillations, and maintains acceptable performance under varying operating conditions.
