Authors: Aswin S k, Dr. M Sivaprakash, Linsha Pushparaj, Vinoth M, Dan Abishek A S, Infant Mazhak
Abstract: The global transition toward sustainable mobility has increased interest in electric vehicles (EVs) as alternatives to internal combustion engine–based transportation. This work presents the design, fabrication, and performance evaluation of an electric three-wheeler prototype intended for urban commuting and short-distance goods or passenger transport. The prototype integrates a lightweight chassis, a Brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive, a lithium-ion battery pack, and a basic control system to achieve affordability, reliability, and energy efficiency. The methodology included load analysis, torque and speed requirement estimation, chassis fabrication, motor and controller integration, and testing under real operating conditions. Results demonstrated a top speed of 40 km/h, a load capacity of 300 kg, and an average operational range of 65 km per charge. Compared with conventional three-wheelers, the prototype eliminates fuel costs, reduces maintenance requirements, and achieves zero tailpipe emissions. The findings suggest that electric three-wheelers can provide a sustainable and cost-effective solution for last-mile connectivity and urban transport, especially in developing economies.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17433866
