Authors: Rajesh Kumar Mishra, Rekha Agarwal
Abstract: Forested wetlands are among the most biodiverse and ecologically significant ecosystems on Earth, providing essential services such as carbon sequestration, water filtration, flood regulation, and habitat conservation. However, these ecosystems have faced widespread degradation due to deforestation, urban expansion, agricultural drainage, and climate change-induced hydrological alterations. The restoration of forested wetlands has become a global priority, requiring an interdisciplinary approach that integrates ecological principles, hydrological engineering, policy implementation, and community engagement. This chapter explores the methodologies, challenges, and future perspectives in the restoration of forested wetlands. Hydrological restoration, including rewetting drained wetlands, reestablishing floodplain connectivity, and removing artificial barriers, plays a fundamental role in restoring wetland functionality. Additionally, native vegetation reintroduction, soil rehabilitation, and biodiversity conservation are key ecological strategies to accelerate natural regeneration. Advanced technologies such as remote sensing, machine learning, and environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis have significantly improved the accuracy of wetland assessment and monitoring, ensuring more effective and adaptive restoration strategies. Despite scientific advancements, several challenges persist, including conflicting land-use priorities, policy gaps, insufficient funding, and the long-term ecological uncertainties of restoration projects. The success of wetland restoration depends on integrated governance, strong environmental legislation, and the active involvement of local and Indigenous communities in conservation efforts. Furthermore, emerging mechanisms such as blue carbon markets and nature-based climate solutions offer financial incentives for large-scale wetland restoration, promoting economic and environmental sustainability. Looking ahead, the future of forested wetland restoration lies in the synergistic application of climate-adaptive strategies, data-driven restoration models, and transboundary conservation policies. A comprehensive and collaborative approach is essential to mitigate the impacts of climate change, reverse wetland degradation, and enhance ecological resilience. By prioritizing science-based restoration methodologies and sustainable policy frameworks, we can ensure that forested wetlands continue to provide their critical ecosystem functions for future generations.
