Authors: J Shiva Kumar
Abstract: The growing demand for urban flyovers has intensified the need to evaluate their economic and environmental sustainability. This paper presents a comprehensive sustainability assessment of a reinforced concrete (RCC) flyover using Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) and Carbon Footprint Analysis (CFA). The study covers all major life-cycle phases— construction, operation, maintenance, and end-of-life—using a cradle-to-grave approach. Material quantities were obtained from STAAD.Pro modeling, while emission factors were derived from the Indian Life Cycle Inventory Database. The results indicate that cement and steel contribute more than 70% of total CO₂ emissions, while maintenance activities account for 25–30% of life-cycle costs. Incorporating 30% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) replacement in concrete reduced total emissions by 22% and costs by 11%. The proposed framework offers a quantitative basis for integrating sustainability considerations into future flyover design and construction.
