Authors: Sakshi Nadig
Abstract: Environmental contamination by heavy metals, organic pollutants, and synthetic chemicals represents a growing threat to ecosystems and human health. Traditional remediation methods, while often effective, can be costly, non-specific, or environmentally invasive. The integration of nanotechnology with microbial biotechnology—termed nanobioremediation—offers a promising, eco-friendly solution to environmental detoxification. This review explores the synergistic potential of microbes and nanomaterials in addressing a broad range of environmental contaminants. It discusses the mechanisms by which microorganisms interact with engineered nanomaterials, leading to enhanced biodegradation, metal sequestration, and pollutant transformation. The synthesis of nanoparticles by microbes (biogenic nanoparticles) and their application in situ for pollutant degradation is also addressed. Furthermore, the article highlights case studies demonstrating successful nanobioremediation strategies in soil, water, and wastewater systems. Finally, potential ecological risks, regulatory considerations, and future research directions are outlined, underscoring the role of nanobioremediation in advancing sustainable environmental management.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.61137/ijsret.vol.8.issue6.574
