Authors: Priya Yadav
Abstract: Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have become an essential technology for monitoring and data collection in various applications such as environmental monitoring, smart cities, healthcare systems, industrial automation, and military surveillance. These networks consist of numerous sensor nodes that are deployed in remote locations and operate with limited battery power. Since replacing or recharging batteries is often difficult, efficient power management becomes a crucial factor in ensuring the long-term operation of wireless sensor networks. Power management strategies aim to reduce energy consumption while maintaining network performance and reliability. This review paper presents a classification of major power management strategies used in wireless sensor networks and analyzes their performance based on key parameters such as energy consumption, network lifetime, scalability, and reliability. The study categorizes power management techniques into duty-cycling mechanisms, transmission power control methods, energy harvesting techniques, and energy-efficient routing approaches. Furthermore, recent advancements such as artificial intelligence-based energy optimization and adaptive power management techniques are discussed. The paper provides insights into current research trends and identifies future research directions for improving energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks.
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