Authors: Rachna Chandra, Manoj Mittal, Anmol Dobriyal, Suneet Bhalla, Utsav
Abstract: We analysed the peer-reviewed literature published between 2021 and 2025 focusing on smart agriculture techniques which integrates advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), wireless sensor networks (WSN), machine learning, artificial intelligence (AI), unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), remote sensing, edge–fog–cloud computing, and renewable energy systems to enhance farming efficiency and sustainability. Recent research shows significant progress in precision irrigation, automated monitoring, and data driven decision support systems that optimize water usage and improve crop yield. This paper presents a comprehensive review of forty research papers focused on smart agriculture techniques, highlighting IoT-based soil moisture monitoring, LoRaWAN enabled long-range communication, machine learning-based disease detection, UAV assisted irrigation planning, and solar powered intelligent water systems. The findings show that integrating smart technologies enables resource optimization, climate resilience, and scalable automation across diverse agricultural scenarios. The study contributes a consolidated view of recent advancements to support the development of sustainable agriculture.
