Authors: Priyanka K, Sasiprabha V, Shobaa P, Shreelinganaathan M, Srimukhi TG
Abstract: Low‑voltage distribution lines are widely used in residential and semi‑urban areas, where accidental conductor breakage or unintended grounding can pose severe safety hazards, result in prolonged power outages, and damage equipment. Current detection methods rely heavily on manual handling or high‑cost protection systems, resulting in delayed responses and increased operational risks. To address these gaps, this work proposes a cost‑effective Smart LV Fault Detection System capable of identifying conductor breakage and earth faults in real time. The system integrates voltage and current sensing units with an ESP32 controller that continuously analyses line behaviour, recognises abnormalities, and triggers immediate alerts. Visual and audio warnings are activated on-spot, while remote fault notifications are delivered via GSM‑based communication. A solar‑powered backup ensures uninterrupted operation during power failures. Experimental tests show more than 95% detection accuracy with a response time under one second. The proposed solution is lightweight, scalable, and suitable for both rural and urban power networks, providing improved safety, reduced downtime, and faster maintenance response.
