Role of Biofertilizer in Farming

Abstract- India boasts a drastically rich variety of flora, many of which are of medical importance and unfortunately are disappearing fast from our rich resource due to over-exploitation. Thus, it has become urgent to manage the traditional medicinal plant resource. There is a greater demand for uniform medicines made from medicinal plants, which requires mass propagation of crops. This is done through plant tissue culture strategies. Conservation and domestication of endangered and threatened species has become a very critical issue in a global perspective. Habitat destruction, fragmentation, and degradation plus human-wildlife conflict contribute to the extinction of many species. This review will give the reader an overview of the conservation and domestication status around endangered and threatened species, their successes and challenges. Future directions for conservation and domestication, including technology, community engagement, and policy support, are also discussed. The studies conducted were under the aegis of the setting up National Medicinal Plants Board (NMPB) New Delhi during 2002 2013 having in-situ and ex-situ conservation projects through diverse State Forest Departments. Besides, there were R&D projects carried out by the ICAR, ICFRE, CSIR, DBT, and SAUs. Contributions of NMPB have been highlighted in conservation and cultivation of endangered and threatened medicinal plant species in India. There are various causes for which these species get endangered in their own habitats like Habitat loss due to diversion of forest land, biotic and abiotic interference in forest areas, and Unsustainable harvesting of so-called medicinal and aromatic plants. Many projects have been funded by NMPB for conservation and cultivation of endangered as well as threatened medicinal plants.