Authors: Kunal Bhagawan Bhor, Professor Bangar Abhishek P., Professor Bhosale Sachin B., Professor Karad V.A.
Abstract: Ambulances and other emergency vehicles routinely lose critical minutes to urban traffic congestion, and that lost time can directly affect whether a patient survives the journey to hospital. Over the last few years, several research groups have tried to solve this problem by building road dividers that can physically move out of the way, guided by sensors, microcontrollers and cloud connectivity rather than by a human operator. This paper reviews four such studies — a smart movable divider combined with patient health monitoring, a YOLO-based camera-driven divider project, an EVATL framework that pairs adaptive traffic signals with GPS-based vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, and a related movable-divider prototype — and places them side by side to see what each one actually contributes and where each one still falls short. Rather than simply restating the abstracts of these papers, the review tries to pull out the common thread running through them: detect the emergency vehicle reliably, verify that the request is genuine, clear a path safely without endangering other road users, and prove that the whole chain works outside a lab bench. Building on these observations, the paper also sketches a conceptual IoT-based divider architecture that borrows the strongest ideas from the reviewed work — RFID or GPS-based detection, a locally-running safety interlock, MQTT-based cloud reporting, and manual override — while flagging the open questions (field validation, weather robustness, cybersecurity and cost) that future student projects in this area should address.
