Authors: Vishal Sankhyan, Dr.Rajesh Chauhan, Dr. Akshay Bhardwaj
Abstract: Green computing refers to the environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of computing systems and information technology (IT) infrastructure. The rapid growth of data centers, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and other digital technologies has increased energy consumption and electronic waste. Green computing seeks to reduce the environmental impact of IT while maintaining performance, reliability, security, and economic efficiency. This research paper examines major approaches, techniques, and implementation strategies for green computing. The study discusses energy-efficient hardware, virtualization, server consolidation, cloud computing, power management, green software development, efficient data centers, sustainable networking, renewable energy, and electronic-waste management. It also presents an implementation framework for measuring and reducing the energy consumption of computing infrastructure. The paper identifies important challenges, including initial investment, compatibility, performance requirements, lack of awareness, measurement difficulties, and e-waste management. Finally, it discusses future directions such as artificial intelligence-based energy optimization, edge computing, sustainable data centers, and carbon-aware computing. The study concludes that combining hardware, software, infrastructure, and organizational strategies can significantly improve the sustainability of modern information technology.
