Authors: Professor V.Abirami
Abstract: Calcium deficiency is a major but underrecognized nutritional concern among Indian women, particularly during the premenopausal transition. Emerging evidence indicates that bone mineral loss and biochemical deficiencies begin before menopause. This review synthesizes recent literature (2020–2025) on calcium intake, associated symptoms, and risk factors among Indian women aged 35–50 years. Available data suggest that a large proportion of women consume inadequate calcium, often compounded by widespread vitamin D deficiency. Clinical manifestations during premenopause are frequently subtle, including musculoskeletal discomfort, fatigue, and mood disturbances, contributing to underdiagnosis. Early screening and preventive interventions are critical to reduce long-term skeletal morbidity.
