Authors: Mehreen Alam Siddiqui
Abstract: The Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) are among the most critical routing protocols used in modern network infrastructures. Their combined redundancy mechanisms play a pivotal role in enhancing network availability and fault tolerance. BGP ensures stable routing between autonomous systems (inter-domain), while OSPF maintains reliable intra-domain communication through hierarchical design and link-state updates. When these protocols are configured with redundancy—using multiple routers, diverse paths, and failover systems—they minimize downtime, improve load distribution, and provide seamless recovery from link or node failures. This review explores how redundancy within BGP and OSPF can strengthen the resiliency of enterprise and service provider networks. It discusses architectural designs, convergence mechanisms, implementation strategies, and comparative performance in fault-prone environments. Furthermore, it highlights how integrating both protocols with redundancy optimizes large-scale, multi-domain networks to achieve near-continuous connectivity and operational stability
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17840229
