Authors: Abhishek, Nisha, Suman Chandila
Abstract: Java remains one of the most widely used programming languages in modern software development due to its platform independence, robust frameworks, and extensive ecosystem. However, the prevalence of Java in both web and enterprise applications also makes it a high-value target for cyberattacks. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the most critical security vulnerabilities inherent in Java applications, with a focus on common attack vectors such as injection attacks, insecure deserialization, and cross-site scripting (XSS). It also delves into the growing threat of vulnerabilities in third-party libraries, remote code execution (RCE), and insufficient authentication mechanisms. Through a detailed examination of real-world incidents, including notable CVEs such as the Log4j vulnerability (CVE-2021-44228) and the Apache Struts exploit (CVE-2017-5638), the study highlights patterns and trends in the exploitation of Java-based systems. This research identifies the root causes of these vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of secure coding practices, proactive patch management, and the implementation of robust security mechanisms like secure authentication and encryption. Furthermore, the paper explores effective mitigation strategies for developers, including the use of security testing tools, static and dynamic application security testing (SAST/DAST), and secure software development life cycle (SDLC) integration. Recommendations are provided for improving security posture at both the code and architectural levels, offering best practices for reducing exposure to attacks. By addressing emerging threats, such as the rise of cloud-based Java applications and the need for post-quantum cryptography, this paper provides valuable insights for securing Java applications against present and future security challenges
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17310113
