Authors: Ravi Kumar
Abstract: – Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative platform in the development of next-generation vaccines, enabling precise delivery of antigens and immunomodulatory agents to the immune system. By mimicking natural pathogens at the nanoscale, nanoparticle-based vaccines enhance antigen stability, promote targeted delivery to antigen-presenting cells, and improve immunogenicity. This paper explores various nanomaterial platforms used in vaccine development, including lipid nanoparticles, virus-like particles, polymeric and inorganic nanoparticles, and their role in overcoming limitations of traditional vaccines. Mechanisms of immune activation, strategies for improving vaccine stability and targeted delivery, and challenges in clinical translation and regulatory approval are discussed. The convergence of nanotechnology with immunology and bioinformatics is poised to revolutionize vaccine development, enabling rapid, safe, and highly effective vaccines against infectious diseases, cancers, and emerging pathogens.
DOI: http://doi.org/
