Authors: Assistant Professor Bharathi V, Divya Bairavi
Abstract: Quantum computing represents a paradigm shift from classical computing by leveraging the principles of quantum mechanics—superposition, entanglement, and quantum interference—to solve problems that were previously considered intractable. This chapter provides a comprehensive introduction to quantum computing, tracing its evolution from theoretical foundations laid by Feynman and Deutsch to landmark achievements such as Google’s demonstration of quantum supremacy. We explore the fundamental differences between classical bits and quantum bits (qubits), elucidating how quantum phenomena empower new algorithmic capabilities exemplified by Shor’s and Grover’s algorithms. The discussion highlights transformative applications across cryptography, optimization, molecular simulation, and artificial intelligence, emphasizing the disruptive potential of quantum machine learning and quantum neural networks. Despite its promise, quantum computing faces critical engineering and theoretical challenges, including qubit decoherence, error correction, and scalability. However, with rapid advancements in quantum hardware and algorithms, the technology is poised to redefine computing in the 21st century. This chapter invites readers to engage with the unfolding narrative of quantum computing, a frontier where science fiction converges with computational reality.
