Authors: Sweta Kumari
Abstract: Indian agriculture faces the dual challenge of enhancing soil health while mitigating climate change. This research paper presents a comprehensive agricultural soil carbon credit framework specifically designed for Indian smallholder farmers operating under semi-arid conditions. The framework integrates six core research objectives: (1) developing a reliable measurement and verification system suited to Indian farming conditions, (2) creating income opportunities through carbon credit programs, (3) establishing baseline data on soil organic carbon and health indicators, (4) implementing and evaluating soil management practices, (5) measuring seasonal and long-term changes in soil organic carbon, and (6) developing practical monitoring guidelines. The framework was developed using a doctrinal and conceptual research methodology based on a critical review and synthesis of existing literature, policy documents, carbon market mechanisms, and emerging soil carbon measurement technologies relevant to Indian agriculture. We propose innovative solutions, including affordable low-cost measurement technologies (portable NIR spectroscopy, handheld sensors, smartphone-based tools), a Small Local Carbon Service Organisation (SLCSO) model for accessible carbon measurement services, green incentives with fast remuneration mechanisms featuring tiered payment systems, and a "Carbon Check First" mechanism providing free or subsidised initial baseline assessments. This framework addresses critical barriers preventing smallholder farmer participation in carbon markets, including high measurement costs, complex procedures, and delayed payments. By combining technological innovation with farmer-centric service delivery models, this research aims to transform Indian smallholder agriculture into a viable carbon-sequestration sector while improving farmers' livelihoods and soil health.
