Authors: Dr. Rahul Arya, Aashish Kumar, Dr. Rishabh Bhardwaj
Abstract: Green synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has emerged as an environmentally sustainable alternative to conventional chemical and physical synthesis methods. In the present study, zinc oxide (ZnO), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles were synthesized using aqueous plant extracts of Neem, Tulsi, Orange peel, and Tea leaves. These plant extracts served as natural reducing and stabilizing agents. Nanoparticle formation was confirmed through visible color change and UV–Visible spectrophotometric analysis. The characteristic absorption peaks confirmed successful nanoparticle synthesis. The influence of pH, conductivity, viscosity, and reaction time on nanoparticle formation was systematically studied using basic laboratory instrumentation including UV–Visible spectrophotometer, pH meter, conductivity meter, Redwood viscometer, hot plate, and flame photometer. Results demonstrated that near-neutral to slightly alkaline pH favored stable nanoparticle formation. Conductivity decreased during the reaction, confirming metal ion reduction. Viscosity measurements suggested interaction between biomolecules and nanoparticles, enhancing colloidal stability. The study establishes that meaningful nanoparticle synthesis and characterization can be achieved.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20574267
