Authors: Ritik Rana
Abstract: Sustainable agricultural production largely depends on the proper development, conservation, and efficient utilization of irrigation resources at the micro level. In Himachal Pradesh, diverse geographical conditions have led to the adoption of traditional irrigation systems known as Kuhls, which play a vital role in supporting agriculture and rural livelihoods. Kuhls are narrow, manually constructed surface channels that divert water from natural streams and ravines through gravity flow to irrigate terraced fields. These systems, built mainly with local materials such as river boulders and soil, represent an eco-friendly and community-managed method of irrigation. Despite their historical and agricultural significance, Kuhls today face several challenges including structural deterioration, water losses, changing climatic conditions, and inadequate maintenance. The present study focuses on the Palampur region of Himachal Pradesh to examine the problems associated with traditional Kuhl irrigation and explore modern solutions for improving irrigation efficiency and agricultural sustainability. The study highlights the need for technological improvements, conservation measures, and integrated water management practices to preserve this traditional irrigation heritage while meeting present-day agricultural demands.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20390582
