Authors: Lalitha M. Rao
Abstract: The accelerating adoption of multi-cloud strategies has underscored the critical need for system interoperability, enabling seamless integration, portability, and unified governance across heterogeneous cloud environments. This review examines the pivotal role of cross-cloud orchestration tools in achieving that interoperability by harmonizing operations among diverse providers such as AWS, Azure, and Google Cloud. It explores how orchestration systems, through automation, abstraction, and policy enforcement, mitigate the challenges of fragmentation, vendor lock-in, and operational inconsistency. The paper discusses foundational concepts including Infrastructure as Code (IaC), containerization, service mesh architectures, and API unification, illustrating how these technologies collectively underpin interoperability. It also analyzes the limitations—such as standardization gaps, security concerns, and data latency—that currently impede the realization of seamless multi-cloud integration. Furthermore, the review highlights emerging trends, including AI-driven orchestration, edge-cloud integration, and open-source frameworks, that promise to enhance orchestration intelligence and autonomy. By synthesizing technological insights and practical implications, the study concludes that cross-cloud orchestration not only enables interoperability but also fosters organizational agility, scalability, and resilience in the face of digital complexity. It positions orchestration as a strategic enabler of the next generation of adaptive, intelligent, and secure multi-cloud ecosystems capable of evolving with dynamic enterprise needs.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17799984
