Authors: Azar Djamali
Abstract: This study reviews the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and robotic tools in terrestrial and extraterrestrial architecture. The rapid advancement of AI and robotics is transforming the architectural profession, enhancing creative exploration through data aggregation and analytics while complicating decision-making due to the vast datasets involved. Architects must balance technical proficiency with strategic discernment to harness AI's potential while addressing operational challenges. AI significantly impacts architectural design throughout the building lifecycle, influencing predictive analytics, construction supervision, and facility maintenance (Yangluxi Li et al.). As humanity moves toward interplanetary colonisation, architects are designing habitable structures for extreme environments. Notable projects include the Mars Habitat Concept by Foster + Partners and NASA (2015–2016), Mars Science City by Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) for the UAE (2017–present), and Skidmore, Owings C Merrill’s (SOM) Moon Village concept, featuring inflatable modules, showcased at the Venice Architecture Biennale 2025. AI and AI-assisted robots, such as the Perseverance rover, enable adaptive and efficient design for harsh environments. This article synthesises insights from over 100 research papers, exploring how machine learning (ML), generative design, and autonomous systems will redefine extraterrestrial construction. By optimising structural integrity and resource utilisation, AI facilitates spatial optimisation and energy-efficient designs (Yangluxi Li et al., 2025). This study highlights the roles of AI, robotics, and automation in optimising terrestrial and extraterrestrial architecture, presenting scalable solutions for future colonies and providing actionable insights for space agencies and architects. By leveraging AI and robotic technologies, architecture can adapt to extreme environments and advance innovative designs for future inhabitants.
