Authors: Karthekia Mahesh
Abstract: In the era of sustainable development, the need for eco-friendly and cost-effective methods for synthesizing nanomaterials has gained significant momentum. Traditional physical and chemical approaches for nanoparticle synthesis are often energy-intensive, environmentally hazardous, and economically burdensome. In contrast, the use of environmental microbes for green nanomaterial fabrication offers a promising and sustainable alternative. These microbes possess remarkable biochemical versatility and are capable of synthesizing various metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles under mild conditions. This review explores the vast potential of environmental microbes—such as bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, and algae—in the biosynthesis of nanomaterials. It outlines the mechanisms underlying microbial nanomaterial synthesis, including intracellular and extracellular pathways, and highlights their ecological significance and functional properties. Moreover, it discusses current and emerging applications of biogenic nanoparticles in medicine, agriculture, and environmental remediation. Challenges in large-scale production, standardization, and regulatory compliance are also addressed. By integrating microbial biotechnology with nanoscience, researchers are paving the way for innovative, sustainable solutions across multiple sectors while promoting environmental integrity.
DOI: http://doi.org/10.61137/ijsret.vol.8.issue6.569
