Authors: Research Scholar Aman Malik
Abstract: The rapid deployment of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across diverse sectors—including healthcare, transportation, finance, and governance—has prompted pressing legal and ethical concerns, especially in technologically emerging economies like India. This paper critically examines the legal and ethical challenges surrounding the integration of AI systems in practical applications, with a focus on the Indian regulatory landscape. While AI promises efficiency and innovation, it also raises fundamental questions of accountability, privacy, bias, and transparency. Key issues such as the attribution of liability for autonomous decisions, the ethical implications of algorithmic discrimination, and the lack of a clear legal framework for AI-generated data and actions are discussed. The paper further explores the limitations of existing Indian laws, including the Information Technology Act, 2000 and the absence of a dedicated AI or data protection statute (pre-GDPR adaptation). Drawing on global standards and domestic case studies, this study proposes a need for robust regulatory mechanisms, ethical design protocols, and sector-specific governance to ensure responsible AI deployment. The findings aim to contribute to the evolving discourse on AI governance and serve as a foundational reference for future legal reforms in India.
